304 RANUNCULACEAE 



3. C. chelidonii Greene. Dwarf perennial; leaves mostly basal, 3-4 cm. 

 long, short-petioled; blades broadly cordate to oval or ovate in outline, with a 

 short open sinus, mostly entire; petals 5-8, 10-12 mm. long, oblong. C. uniflora 

 Rydb., a dwarf form with a large flower. Along alpine streams and below the 

 snow: B.C. — -Mont. Alp. Jl-Au. 



4. C. natans Pallas. Stem slender, floating or creeping, rooting at the 

 nodes, 1.5-5 dm. long; lower leaves long-petioled ; blades cordate-reniform, 3-5 

 cm. wide, entire or crenate, with a narrow sinus; upper leaves short-petioled and 

 smaller; sepals white or pinkish, 6-8 mm. long, oval, obtuse; follicles about 4 

 mm. long; beak minute. In water: Minn. — Alta. — Alaska; Siberia. Mont. — • 

 Boreal. Jl-Au. 



16. TROLLIUS L. Globe-flower. 



Glabrous perennials, with rootstocks. Leaves alternate, palmately lobed or 

 divided. Flowers solitary, or few, terminal, regular, perfect. Sepals 5-15, 

 yellow, Ulac, or in ours white, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5-8, small, tubular 

 at the base. Stamens numerous, hypogynous. Pistils numerous, forming a 

 subglobose head. Fruit of numerous subcylindric, many-seeded follicles, open- 

 ing along the ventral suture. Seeds nmnerous in two rows. 



1. T. albiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. Stem erect, 2-6 dm. high, 2-4-leaved; 

 lower leaves long-petioled, the uppermost subsessile; blades palmately divided, 

 5-10 cm. wide, nearly orbicular in outline; divisions rhombic or obovate, cleft 

 and incised; sepals 5-7, ovate or broadly oval, white; petals clawed, 3-5 mm. 

 long, linear; follicles 10-20, about 1 cm. long. T. laxus albiflorus A. Gray. 

 Wet meadows and along streams: Alta. — -B.C. — -Wash. — Colo. Mont. — Siib- 

 alp. Je-Au. 



17. COPTIS Salisb. Gold-thread. 



Low scapose perennial herbs, with slender rootstocks. Leaves basal, peti- 

 oled, ternately compound. Scape slender, 1-flowered. Sepals 5-7, oval, petal- 

 like, deciduous, white, with yellowish bases. Petals shorter than the stamens, 

 club-shaped, hollowed and nectariferous at the thickened summit. Stamens 

 numerous. Pistils 3-7. Fruit of as many stipitate foUicles, forming an umbel- 

 hke cluster. Seeds smooth and shining. 



1. C. trifoliata (L.) Salisb. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, ternate; leaflets ever- 

 green, broadly obovate, slightly 3-5-lobed and crenate, shining; scape 5-12 cm. 

 long; sepals white, with yellow base; petals 2-3 mm. long; stipe of the follicles 

 7-8 mm. long; body about 6 mm. Woods and bogs: Greenl. — Md. — -Minn. — 

 B.C. — Alaska; n Eurasia. Mont. — Boreal. My-Au. 



18. CHRYSOCOPTIS Nutt. 



Low scapose perennials, with rootstocks. Leaves basal, pctioled, pinnately 

 3-5-foliolate, with lobed or dissected leaflets. Scapes 2-4-flowered. Flowers 

 perfect, regular. Sepals 5 or 6, linear or ligulate, attenuate, greenish or yellowish 

 white, deciduous. Petals filiform or ligulate beyond the nectariferous portion. 

 Pistils several. Fruit of stipitate follicles. Seeds several, smooth and shining. 



1. C. occidentalis Nutt. Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, long-petioled, pinnately 

 ternate; divisions broadly ovate, pinnately 3-5-lobed and serrate, shining, 3-6 

 cm. long; main peduncle about 1 dm. long; petals and sepals subulate; stipe of 

 the follicles about 6 mm. ; body aboiit 12 mm. long. Woods: Mont. — Ore. — Wash. 

 Submont. — Mont. My-Je. 



19. ACTAEA L. B.\neberry. 



Perennial herbs, with thick rootstocks and erect stems. Leaves basal and 

 cauline, ternately decompoimd. Flowers small, in terminal racemes. Sepals 

 3-5, petal-like, usually white. Petals 4-10, small, narrow, clawed. Stamens 

 numerous; filaments flattened, white. Pistil .solitary, sessile; style none; stigma 

 2-lobed, depressed. Fruit berry-like, with depressed, horizontal seeds. 



