MALLOW FAMILY 557 



5, convolute. Stamens many, monadolphous. Gynoecium of several, 

 usually united carpels. Fruit a several-celled capsule, or the carpels separ- 

 ating at maturity. 



style-branches filiform, stigmato.so longitudinally on the exterior side. 

 Stamen.s simoly nionadelphous ; flowers involucelled. 



Petals notched at the apex; carpels beakless, without internal processes. 



1. M.\LVA. 



Petals not emarginate at the apex; carpels beaked, with an internal process above 

 the seed. 2. C.VLLIRRHOE. 



Stamens more or less united in falanges in a double series; flowers without involucels. 



3. SiDALCEA. 



Style-branches terminated by capitate stigmas. 



Lower seed at least from an ascending ovule; caly.x more or less bracteolate. 



Carpels strongly reticulate on the lower part of the sides facing the adjacent car- 

 pels, tliis portion enclosing the seeds, the upper part of the carpels smooth 

 and empty. 4. Sphaeralcea. 



Carpels not differentiated in an upper and lower portion. 



Carpels thin-walled, loosely investing the 2 or 3 seeds, hirsute; tall perennials 



with maple-like leaves. 5. Phymosia. 



Carpels reticulate, the rather thick walls closely surrounding the single seed; 

 annuals wdth round-lobed leaves. 6. Eremalche. 



Lower seed at least resupinate-pend ulcus; calyx without involucels or these repre- 

 sented by 1-3 setaceous bractlets. 

 Carpels 1-ovuled, the cell flUed with the seed; bractlets present. 



7. Dlsella. 

 Caipels 3-9-ovuled, several-seeded, dehiscent apically and dorsally; bractlets ab- 

 sent. 8. Abutilon. 



1. MALVA (Tourn.) L. Mallow, Cheeses (fruit). 



Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, with pubescent, lobed or dis- 

 sected, reniform or suborbicular blades. Flowers sohtary or clustered in the 

 axils of the leaves, or rarely in terminal racemes or spikes, subtended by 2 or 3 

 bractlets, perfect and regular. Calyx of 5 partly united sepals. Petals 5, 

 emarginate. Carpels many, 1-celled, reniform, indehiscent, beakless, arranged 

 around a central axis. Seeds ascending; embryo circular. 



Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx; carpels rugose-reticulate on the back, and with 

 acute or winged margins. 

 Calyx becoming much enlarged, and spreading imder the fruit, nervose-reticulate; 



angles of the carpels margined and denticulate. 1. M. parviflora. 



Calyx not much enlarged in fruit, mostly erect, not reticulate; carpels merely acute 

 on the margins. 2. M. pusilla. 



Corolla about twice as long as the calyx; carpels not rugose on the backs, round-mar- 

 gined. 

 Plant decumbent; leaves scarcely crisp; carpels smooth. 3. M. rotundifolia. 



Plant erect; leaves very crisp; carpels veiny-reticulate. 4. M. crispa. 



1. M. parviflora L. Annual; stem erect or ascending, branched, glabrous 

 or sparingly hairy; leaf-blades reniform in outHne, with about 7 rounded crenate 

 lobes, 2-10 cm. in diameter; calyx-lobes rounded, mucronate; corolla lilac, about 

 5 mm. long; carpels glabrous or pubescent. Waste places: N.D. — Tex. — Cahf.; 

 also on the .\tlantic Coast; Mex.; adv. or nat. from Eu. F-0. 



2. M. pusilla Smith. Annual; stem erect, branched, 1-3 dm. high; leaf- 

 blades reniform, 2-5 cm. broad, obscurely round-lobed and crenate; calyx-lobes 

 ovate, in fruit mostly erect; corolla white; carpels pubescent or glabrate. M. 

 borealis Wallm. Waste places: Mont. — Calif.; adv. from Eu. Jl-Au. 



3. M. rotundifolia L. Annual; stems procumbent; leaf-blades rounded- 

 reniform, more or less distinctly round-lobed and crenate, usually more or less 

 pubescent; calyx not much accrescent, its lobes ovate; corolla pale lilac or whitish, 

 about 1 cm. long; carpels puberulent. Waste places: Mass. — N.C. — Calif. — 

 Wash.; nat. from Eu. My-S. 



4. M. crispa L. Annual; stem erect, 5-20 dm. high; leaf-blades reniform in 

 outhne, 5-20 cm. in diameter, distinctly lobed and double-crenate ; flowers nearly 

 sessile; calyx accrescent, in fruit becoming membranous and veiny, but not 

 spreading; corolla purplish or white, about 1 cm. long; carpels not at all rugose. 

 Waste places and around dwellings: N.S. — N.J. — Colo. — Minn.; escaped from 

 cultivation. Jl-S. 



