FRANKENIA FAMILY 565 



stamens usually 6; anther-cells elongate, oblong. Bluffs and plains: w Tex. — 

 Colo. — Sonora. Son. Je-Jl. 



Family 85. CISTACEAE. Rock-rose Family. 



Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers nearly 

 regular, usually perfect, solitary, racemose, clustered, or paniculate. Sepals 

 3-5, persistent. Petals 5 or 3, sometimes wanting, fugaceous. Stamens 8, 

 hypogjaious. Gynoecium of several united carpels; ovary sessile, 1-several- 

 celled; ovules orthotropous; styles united; stigma entire or 3-lobed. Fruit 

 a capsule. Seeds several or numerous. Embryo slender; endosperm starchy 

 or fleshy. 



1. CROCANTHEMUM Spach. Frost-weed. 



Undershrubs. Leaves more or less coriaceous, entire, flat or re volute-margined. 

 Flowers of two kind, viz., some with large fugaceous petals and many stamens, 

 the others cleistogamous, apetalous or with small petals, and 3-10 stamens. 

 Styles obsolete or short; stigmas capitate or 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule. Embryo 

 curved. 



1. C. raajus (L.) Britton. Hoary canescent herbs, slightly woody at the base, 

 3-6 dm. high; leaves oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, stellate 

 on both sides, canescent beneath, greener above; petaliferous flowers 5-12, in 

 terminal cymes; sepals densely canescent, the outer nearly as long as the inner, 

 petals yeUow, 7-9 mm. long, oval; apetalous flowers clustered in the axils of the 

 leaves, nearlv sessile. Helianthemum majus (L.) B.S.P. H. canadense Walkerae 

 W. H. Evans. Dry soil: Me.— Va.— Tex.— Colo.— S.D. Plain— Submont. 

 Jl-Au. 



Family 86. VIOLACEAE. Violet Family. 



Low herbs, or in the tropics woody. Leaves simple, alternate or basal, 

 with stipules. Flowers perfect, irregular. Sepals and petals 5; the latter 

 imbricate in bud, the lowermost spurred or saccate at the base. Stamens 

 5; anthers united or connivent. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary 

 1-celIed, with 3 parietal placentae. Capsule loculicidal; seeds anatropous. 



Sepals aiiricled at the base; corolla spurred. 1. Viola. 



Sepals not aiiricled at the base; lowest petal merely saccate at the base. 2. Calceolaria. 



1. VIOLA (Tourn.) L. Violet, Hearts-ease, Pansy.* 



Usually perennial herbs, either bearing leaves and 1-flowered scapes from the 

 cro'wn of the rootstock, or stemmed, with manifest internodes between the leaves, 

 and with axillary 1-fiowered peduncles. Flowers usually of two kmds, those of 

 spring with showy petals and those of simnmer with petals rudimentary or lack- 

 ing, the latter never opening, but self-fertilized within the closed calyx; petalifer- 

 ous flowers nodding, pentamerous and irregular as to calyx, corolla and stamens. 

 Sepals 5, persistent in fruit, aiu-icled at the base. Petals 5, the lowest one 

 spurred. Stamens distinct, but more or less coherent, the two lower furnished 

 with nectar-bearing appendages projecting into the spur. Capsule ovoid to 

 cyhndric, 3-valved, bearing 20-60 obovate seeds 1-3 mm. long. 



Plants acaiilascent, or without manifest stems. 

 Plants without stolons. 

 Flowers violet-pui pie. 

 Rootstock thick. 



Leaves not lobed nor parted. 

 Leaves and scap&s glaljrous. 



Spurred petal glabroios, rounded at the apex. 



Peduncles of cleistogamous flowers usually 1-3 cm. long, pros- 

 trate under the sou or dead leaves. 1. V. papilionacea. 



* Contributed by Prof. Ezra Bramerd. 



