BORAGE FAMILY 739 



19. SYMPHYTUM (Tourn.) L. Comfrey. 



Large hairy perennials. Leaves alternate, entire, or the uppermost opposite; 

 the lower long-petioled. Flowers in terminal scorpioid racemes. Calyx deeply 

 5-cleft. Corolla blue, purple, or yellow, campanulate, with short lobes; fornices 

 in the throat lanceolate or linear, papillose-margined. Nutlets obliquely ovoid; 

 scar large, concave, bordered by a prominent denticulate ring-margin. 



1. S. officinale L. Stem 6-10 dm. high; leaves lanceolate to ovate, the 

 lower petioled, the upper decurrent on the stem; calyx-lobes lance-linear; corolla 

 purplish or yellowish, 1-2 cm. long. Waste places: Newf. — Md. — Mont.; adv. 

 or escaped from cultivation; native of Eu. Je-Au. 



Family 114. VERBENACEAE. Vervain Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs, or in warmer climates sometimes shrubs or 

 trees. Leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, usuall}^ simple. 

 Flowers perfect, more or less irregular, zygomorphic, in ours spicate. Calyx 

 of 4 or 0, more or less united sepals, usually bracteolate. Corolla of 4 or 5, 

 partially united petals, usually 2-lipped. Stamens 2, or 4, and then didy- 

 namous; filaments more or less adnate to the corolla; anthers erect or in- 

 cumbent. Gynoecium of 2 or 4 carpels; styles united; stigma entire or 2- 

 or 4-lobed; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit separating into 

 2 or 4 nutlets, or drupes, or berry-like. Seeds commonly solitary in each 

 cavity; endosperm scant or wanting; embryo straight. 



CoroUa-limb 5-lobed; nutlets 4; flowers in terminal spikes. 1. Verbena. 



Corolla 4-lobed; nutlets 2; flowers in short dense axillary spikes. 2. Phyla. 



1. VERBENA (Tourn.) L. Vervain, Verbena. 



Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, entire, toothed, or dissected. 

 Flowers in terminal spikes. Calyx-tube funnelform. Corolla more or less bi- 

 labiate; tube narrow, straight or curved. Limb .5-lobed. Stamens 4, didjiia- 

 mous, rarely only 2; connective of the anthers often bearing a gland. Ovary 

 4-celled; stigma 2-lobed, only one lobe stigmatose; ovules sohtary in each cell. 

 Fruit of 4 nutlets, enclosed in the cah'x. 



Anthers not appendaged; flowers in elongate spikes, less than 8 mm. long. 



Leavas not pumatifid, sometimes merely lobed at the base in the first species; plant 

 tall, erect, strict. 

 Bracts shorter than the calyx, or barely equalling it. 



Spike peduncled; coroUa-limb 3-6 mm. broad; pubescence sparse, coarse. 



1. V. haslata. 

 Spike sessile; coroUa-Umb 8-9 nam. broad; pubescence dense, soft. 



2. V. stricta. 

 Bracts one-third longer than the calyx; pubescence dense, soft. 



3. V. MacDougalii. 

 Leaves more or less pionatifld, at least incised; bracts much longer than the calyx. 



Spike dense; nutlets muriculate on the commissural faces. 4. V. bracteosa. 

 Spike lax: nutlets nearly smooth on the commissural faces. 5. V. remota. 

 Anthers of the longer stamens appendaged by a gland on the connective; corolla 8 mm. 

 long or more. 

 Calyx-lobes subulate or lance-subulate. 



Leaves twice 3-parted into linear-oblong or lanceolate divisions. 



6. V. ciliata. 

 Leaves once 3-parted, with toothed or slightly lobed divisions. 



7. V. Gooddingii. 

 Calyx-lobes setaceous. 



Bracts narrowly lanceolate, shorter than the calyx; leaf-segments oblai^ceolate. 



8. V. amhrosifolia. 

 Bracts setaceous, longer than the calyx; leaf-segments linear. 



9. V. Mpinnalifida. 



1. V. hastata L. Perennial; stem 4-15 dm. high, hispidulous, branched 

 above, 4-angled; leaf -blades scabrous-hispidulous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- 

 late, 4-12 cm. long, sharply and doubly serrate, often hastate at the base; spikes 

 erect, narrow, 5-15 cm. long; caljTc 2.5 mm. long, pubescent; corolla purplish 



