840 CARDUACEAE 



Tribe 10. SENECIONEAE. 



Plants scapiferoiis, dioecious or nearly so. with large basal leaves appearing after flower- 

 ing; hermaphrodite flowers usually sterile. 124. Pet.\sites. 

 Plants not scapiferous; not dioecious; disk-flowers hermaphrodite, fertile. 

 Involucres of many or several bracts. 



Involucres la.x,"of commonly much overlapping or unequal bracts. 

 Low annual herbs, with alternate leaves. 



Heads discoid; receptacle flat; corollas with very short tube. 



126. PSATYROTES. 



Heads radiate; receptacle conical; disk-flowers with long tube. 



125. Crocidium. 

 Sufl'rutescent perennial, with opposite leaves; heads radiate. 



127. Haploestes. 

 Involucres of connivent erect herbaceous equal bracts, with or without smaller 



calyculate ones below. 

 Leaves mostly opposite; pappus of a single serit^s of rigid biistles. 



128. Arnica. 

 Leaves alternate; pappus of nuraeroxis soft bristles. 129. Sexecio. 



Involucres of 4-6 firm concave erect and strongly overlappuig bracts; shrubs with 

 alternate leaves and discoid heads. 130. TEXRAD-i-MiA. 



Tribe 11. CYNAREAE. 



Achenes attached by the very base; flowers all alike oi nearly so; hermaphrodite. 

 Leaves not prickly; filaments glabrous; style-branches slender, free. 



Involucre globose; bracts subulate, spine- or awn-like, soreading, hooked at the 



tip. 131. Arctium. 



Involucre oblong or obovoid; bracts appressed, muticous. 



132. Saussurea. 

 Leaves more or less prickly; filaments bearded or papillose, rarely glabrous; style- 

 branches more Ox less united into a cylinch-ical body with a hair-rmg below. 

 Receptacle densely bristly; pappus plumose. 133. ClRSitnw. 



Receptacle deeply honeycombed, scarcely bristly; pappus not plumose. 



134. OXOPORDOX. 



Achenes obliquely attached by one side; marginal flowers usually neutral, with enlarged 

 oblique corollas. 13.5. Cextaurea. 



1. VERNONIA Schreb. Iron-weed. 



Coarse erect perennial herbs, with alternate leaves and corymbose-paniculate, 

 purple or rose-colored, or rarely white flowers. Involucre hemispherical to 

 oblong-cylindric or turbinate; its bracts imbricate in several or many series, dry 

 or partly herbaceous. Receptacle flat, naked. Ray-flowers none. Corollas 

 regular, 5-cleft, with narrow lobes. Anthers sagittate at the base, but not cau- 

 date. Achenes 8-10-ribbed, truncate at the apex, callous at the base. Pappus 

 in two series in our species, the outer of small squamellae or short stout bristles, 

 the inner of capillary scabrous bristles. 



Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pinnately veined; bracts obtuse or acute. 1. V. corymbosa. 



Leaves Uncar or lance-linear; lateral veins indistinct; bracts short-acuminate. 



2. V. marginala. 



1. V. corymbosa Schwein. Stem glabrous, usually red, 4-8 dm. high; 

 leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long, acute, regularly serrate, scabrous 

 above, glabrous and pitted beneath; heads corymbose, 8-12 mm. high, about 

 21-flowered; involucre campanulate or hemispheric; bracts purple, appressed; 

 achenes glabrous or nearly so. V.fasciculata Coult., not Michx. Valleys: Man. 

 — Neb.— N.D. Plain. Au. 



2. V. marginata (Torr.) Raf. Stem glabrous or nearly so, 4-8 dm. high; 

 leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, entire or minutely serrulate, 

 punctate on both sides, puberulcnt above; heads in a flat-toi)})(>d corymb, about 

 1 cm. high; bracts purple, ovate or lance-ovate; achenes glabi'ous. V. Jamesii 

 T. & G. Plains: Neb.— Okla.— Tex. Colo. Plain. Au. 



2. HOFMEISTERIA Walp. 



Low suffrutescent plants, with incised leaves and long-peduncled heads with 

 white flowers. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical, its bracts imbricate in 

 several series, striate-nerved. Recey)tacle naked. Ray-flowers none. Corollas 

 of disk-flowers regular, 5-clcft. Anthers not caudate at the base. Style-branches 

 clavate, stigmatose only at the base. Achenes 5-angled, not caudate, but with 



