THISTLE FAMILY 905 



41. E. microlonchus Greene. Perennial, with a deep taproot, slightly ccspi- 

 tose; stems few, 1-3 dm. high, strigose; basal leaves 7-12 cm. long, linear-ob- 

 lanccolate, 3-nerved, strigose; stem-leaves narrowly linear; heads usually soli- 

 tary; involucres 6-7 mm. high, 10-15 mm. wide; bracts narrowly linear, acute; 

 ligules 30-40, light purplish, 5-7 mm. long. Grassy plains: Wyo. — Colo. — Ariz. 

 — Ida. Submont. Je-Au. 



42. E. elatior (A. GrajO Greene. Perennial, with a short woody rootstock; 

 stem simple, leafy, 2-G dm. high, hirsute-villous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or 

 lanceolate, acute or acvmiinate, entire, the lower oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, hir- 

 sute-villous; heads 1-3; involucres 10-13 mm. high, 15-25 mm. broad; bracts 

 linear, attenuate; ligules lilac or purple, 12-15 mm. long. E. grandiflorus elatior 

 A. Gray. Wet places: Colo. — Wyo. Mont. — Subalp. Jl-Au. 



43. E. Coulteri Porter. Perennial, with a rather slender rootstock; stem 

 1.5-4 dm. high, sparingly hirsute or glabrate; basal leaves 5-15 cm. long, slender- 

 petioled, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; lower stem-leaves with winged petioles, 

 the ujiper ovate-lanceolate, sessile or somewhat clasping; heads usually solitary; 

 involucres about 1 cm. high and 1.5 cm. broad; ligules numerous, white, about 

 15 mm. long. E. leptophyllus Greene. E. leucanthenioides Greene. E. lucidus 

 Greene, an entire-leaved form. Mountains: Colo. — N.M. — Utah — Calif. — Wash. 

 Mont.—Suhalp. Jl-S. 



44. E. peregrinus (Pursh) Greene. Perennial, with a rootstock; stem 2-5 

 dm. high, villous, densely so on the upper part; lower leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, 

 7-10 cm. long, petioled, the upper lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acmiiinate, 

 more or less sharply few-toothed, sparingly villous, thin; heads solitary; involucres 

 about 15 mm. broad or more; bracts linear-subulate, attenuate, villous, squar- 

 rose; ligules numerous, about 1 cm. long. Meadows: Alaska — B.C. — Alta. 

 Subalp. Jl-Au. 



45. E. salsuginosus (Richards.) A. Gray. Perennial, with a short thick 

 rootstock; stem simple, erect, 1-5 dm. high; basal leaves spatulate or obovate. 

 5-10 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so, entire; upper stem-leaves ovate or lanceo- 

 late, sessile or partly clasping; involucre about 1 cm. high, 1.5-2 cm. broad; 

 bracts linear, acuminate, glandular-puberulent; ligules 50-70, purple or violet, 

 10-15 mm. long. E. callianthemum Greene. E. hesperocallis Greene. (?) E. 

 membranacens Greene. E. salsuginosus glacialis (Nutt.) A. Gray, is a depauperate 

 alpine form. Wet places: Sask. — N.M. — Calif. — Alaska. Submont. — Subalp. 



46. E. Howellii A. Gray. Stem 3-5 dm. high, glabrous; peduncle puberu- 

 lent; basal leaves membranous, glabrous, obovate, petioled; stem-leaves ovate, 

 with broad clasping base; heads solitary; involucres 8-10 mm. high, 15-18 mm. 

 broad, glandular-puberulent; ligules 30-35, about 15 mm. long, white or rose- 

 colored. Wet places: Mont. — Ore. — Wash. Submont. Ap-Au. 



47. E. superbus Greene. Stem 3-6 dm. high, nearly glabrous throughout; 

 basal leaves and lower stem-leaves obovate or oblanceolate, petioled, 3-8 cm. long; 

 upper stem-leaves sessile, ovate, acute; heads few, corj^mbose; involucres 7-8 

 mm. long and 12-18 mm. wide; bracts linear, acuminate; hgules 40-60, narrow, 

 white, or rose-colored, 12-18 mm. long. Mountains: Colo. — Utah — Wyo. Sub- 

 mont. — Subalp. Jl-Au. 



48. E. salicinus Rydb. Stem simple, 4-7 dm. high, glabrous; lower leaves 

 petioled, about 1 dm. long, narrowly oblanceolate, dark bluish green, 3-nerved; 

 upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, sessile and half-clasjiing; inflorescence 

 corjanbiform, leafy; involucres 6-7 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad; bracts linear- 

 subulate, acuminate; ligules numerous, fully 1 cm. long, purple. Mountains: 

 Colo. Mont. Jl-Au. 



49. E. eucephaloides Greene. Perennial, with a woody caudex; stem 

 about 3 dm. high, glabrous; peduncles scabrous; leaves glabrous, scabrous-ciliate 

 on the margins, the lower narrowly oblanceolate, 7-10 cm. long, the upper lance- 

 olate and clasping; heads 1-3; bracts subulate, with spreading tips, glandular- 

 or scabrous-puberulent; ligules bluish piu-ple, 1 cm. long. Morains: Ida. Mont. 

 Au. 



