926 CARDUACEAE 



or drooping, purple or rose, seldom yellow or white. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite, 

 fertile. Paleae aw^ed, surpassing the flowers, persistent. Achenes acutely 

 4-angled. Styles with acute or obtuse, hisjud appendages. Pappus a crown 

 produced into a smaU tooth at each angle. [Echinacea Moench.] 



1. B. angustifolia (DC.) Heller. Perennial, with a taproot; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, erect, hispid; lower leaves petioled, the upper subsessile; blades lanceolate 

 to nearly hnear, 3-ribbed, scabrous-hispidulous ; involucres about 1 cm. high, 2-3 

 cm. wide; bracts lanceolate, hispid; ligules about 2-2.5 cm. long, hght purple, 

 spreading. E. angustifolia DC. Prairies: Sask. — Minn. — Tex. — Colo. — Mont. 

 Plain. Je-Au. 



67. GYMNOLOMIA H.B.K. 



Annual or perennial, caulescent herbs, or rarely shrubby plants. Leaves 

 alternate or opposite, narrow, entire or toothed. Heads radiate, corymbose or 

 paniculate. Involucres hemispherical; bracts narrow, herbaceous, in 2-3 series. 

 Receptacle more or less conic, chaffy; paleae strongly concave or conduplicate, 

 enclosing the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers neutral; hgules yellow. Disk-flowers 

 hermaphrodite, fertile; coroUas yeUow or brownish. Achenes 4-angled, some- 

 times somewhat flattened, truncate. Pappus a denticulate crown or wanting. 



Perennials. 



Leaves lanceolate ; caudex tliick, lignescent. 1. G. multiflora. 



Leaves linear; caudex slender. 2. G. linearis. 

 Annuals; leaves linear. 



Plant finely strigose. 3. G. annua. 



Plant hispid. 4. G. ciliata. 



1. G. multiflora (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. Perennial, with a taproot; stems 

 several, 2-12 dm. high, striate and strigose; leaves lanceolate or Hnear-lanceolate, 

 acutish, or some oblong and obtuse, 4-7 cm. long, 4-20 mm. wide, finely scabrous- 

 puberulent; involucres 12-15 mm. broad; bracts linear-lanceolate, hirsute; ligules 

 golden yeUow, 10-15 mm. long; achenes smooth. Prairies and banks of streams: 

 Mont.— N.M.— Calif.— Ida. Plain— Mont. Jl-S. 



2. G. linearis Rydb. Perennial, with a rootstock or slender caudex; stem 

 3-4 dm. high, terete, strigose; leaves narrowly linear, 3-4 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, 

 entire, hirsutulous, sparingly hispid-ciliate at the base; involucres about 6 mm. 

 high, 12-15 mm. broad; bracts linear-lanceolate, canescent-strigose; ligules 10-12 

 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide. Sandy soil: sw Utah. L. Son. 



3. G. annua (M. E. Jones) Robins. & Greenm. Annual, with a taproot; stem 

 branched from the base, 3-5 dm. high, copiously branched above; leaves linear, 

 somewhat canescent, 4-7 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, those of the brandies smaller; 

 involucres 5 mm. high, 7-10 mm. broad; ligules yellow, 4-8 mm. long. G. multi- 

 flora annua M. E. Jones. Dry regions: Tex. — se Utah — Ariz.; n Mex. L. Son. 

 S-N. 



4. G. ciliata (Robins. & Greenm.) Rydb. Anmial, with a slender taproot, 

 usually branched from the base; stem 3-5 dm. high, sparingly hirsute; leaves 

 linear, green, conspicuously hirsute-ciliate throughout; involucres about 5 mm. 

 high, 8-10 mm. broad; bracts linear-lanceolate, hirsute-cihate on the margins and 

 midvein; hgules golden yellow, about 8 mm. long. G. hispida ciliata Robins. & 

 Greenm. Dry regions: N.M. — s Utah — s Calif. L. Son. 



68. RUDBECKIA L. Cone-flower, Golden Glow, Nigger-heads. 



Perennial, or rarely annual or biennial, caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, 

 entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, petioled or sessile. Heads radiate or discoid, many- 

 flowered. Involucres hemispheric; bracts imbricate in 2 or more series, more or 

 less foUaceous, loose and spreading. Recej)tacle convex, conic, or in fruit cylin- 

 dric, chaffy; paleae not si)inesccnt. Ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, or partly 

 or rarely wholly brown-purple or crimson, or none. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite, 

 fertile; coroUas with a short but manifest tube, 5-lobed. Style-branches with 

 blimt or subulate pubescent tips. Achenes 4-angled, obtuse or trimcate. Pappus 

 a 4-toothed crown, a low border, or wanting. 



