958 CARDUACEAE 



Ligules 1.5-2.5 mm. long; leaf-segments more or less spreading, not crowded. 



8. A. occidentalis. 

 Ultimate leaf-segments ovate or lanceolate; rachis distinctly winged. 



9. A. millefolium. 

 Leaves serrate or incised, not pinnatifld. 10. A. mulliflora. 



1. A. borealis Bong. Stem stout, 2-4 dm. high, villous with long silky 

 hairs; leaves hnear or lance-linear in outline, 5-30 cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad, bi- 

 pinnatifid; segments linear-filiform and spreading; bracts ovate or elliptic, acute, 

 with blackish or brown margins; ligules suborbicular, 3^ mm. broad. Bench- 

 lands and meadows: Mack. — (? Wyo.) — Alta. — B.C. — Alaska; e Siberia. Sub- 

 arctic — Subal'p. Je-Au. 



2. A. Palmeri Rydb. Stem 3-6 dm. high, s]3aringly villous; leaves usually 

 less than 1 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide; primary divisions ovate, spreading, the ulti- 

 mate ones lanceolate, rather conspicuously punctate; heads in corymbiform 

 panicles; bracts about 20, the outer ovate and acutish, the inner elhptic and 

 obtuse; margins narrow, dark brown; ray-flowers usually 5; ligules suborbicular, 

 about 4 mm. long. Mountains: Colo. — Calif.; Mex. Suhmont. 



3. A. fusca Rydb. Stem 3-6 dm. high, long- villous ; leaves 1-2 dm. long, 

 5-10 mm. wide, bipinnatifid, Unear or the lower linear-oblanceolate in outline, 

 long-villous ; primary divisions short ascending, the ultimate ones lanceolate or 

 ovate; heads in a corymbiform panicle; bracts about 20, the outer oval, the inner 

 elliptic, all rounded or obtuse at the apex; margins dark bro'RTi, ahnost black; 

 ray-flowers about 5; ligules white or pinkish, suborbicular, round-lobed, 3-4 

 mm. long. Hillsides: Alta. — Wash. — Yukon. Subtnont. — Mont. 



4. A. subalpina Greene. Stem slender, 1-3 dm. high, villous with long 

 hairs; leaves 3-10 cm. long, hnear in outline, more or less long-villous; segments 

 short and narrow, hnear, much crowded; heads in a dense crowded corymb; 

 bracts elliptic, with dark brown or blackish margins, the innermost usually acute, 

 the rest obtuse; ligules 2-3 mm. long and broad. A. lanulosa alpicola Rydb. A. 

 alpicola Rydb. High mountains: Alta. — N.M. — Nev. — B.C. Subalp. — Alp. 

 Jl-Au. 



5. A. californica Pollard. Stem 5-10 dm. high, usually branched above, 

 villous, with long hairs; leaves numerous, bi- or tripinnatifid, sparingly villous, 

 the lower 10-15 cm. long, the upper sessile and clasping, lanceolate in outhne; 

 rachis merely margined; primary divisions ovate in outline, spreading, the ulti- 

 mate ones linear or lance-linear, spinulose-tipped ; heads in compound corymbi- 

 form panicles; bracts about 20, all obtuse or rounded at the apex; margins brown; 

 ray-flowers 5 or 6; ligules orbicular or rounded-oval, 3-4 mm. long. Sea coast, 

 rarely inland: Calif. — Wash. — Ida. Son. 



6. A. pacifica Rydb. Stem 3-7 dm. high, sulcate, usually decidedly long- 

 villous; leaves 1-2 dm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, linear in outline, villous, bipinnatifid; 

 primary divisions ovate in outline, short, crowded, the ultimate ones lanceolate 

 or ovate, strongly punctate, callous-thickened towards the spinulose-mucronate 

 tips; heads in round-topped corymbiform panicles; bracts about 20, yellowish or 

 straw-colored, with margins of the same color, all obtuse or rounded at the apex; 

 ray-flowers about 5; ligules 3-4 mm. long. Plains: Wash. — Ida. — Calif. Son. 



7. A. lanulosa Nutt. Stem 3-6 dm. high, cojiiously villous with long silky 

 hairs; leaves 5-10 dm. long, linear in outline, densely long-villous, bii)innatifid; 

 segments (primary and secondary) short and directed forward, the secondary 

 linear-lanceolate; bracts elliptic, obtuse, with green midrib and straw-colored 

 (rarely brownislij margins. Plains and mountain valleys: Sask. — Kans. — N.M. 

 — Calif. — B.C.; adv. eastward to Ont.; n Mex. Plain — Subalp. My-S. 



8. A. occidentalis Raf. Stem 3-6 dm. high, usually rather copiously villous 

 with long silky hairs; leaves lanceolate in outline, 5-10 cm. long, twice or thrice 

 pinnatifid; ultimate segments narrow, liric;ir; involucres about 4 mm. high and 

 3 mm. broad; Ijiacts elli])tic, obtuse, with a green midrib and straw-colored mar- 

 gins. Roadsicles and prairies: Pa.— S.C.^ — Ark. — Neb.; adv. in Colo. My-Au. 



9. A. millefolium L. Stem 2-6 dm. high, somewhat villous, with short 

 hairs; leaves oblong in outline, 5-10 cm. long, 8-20 mm. broad, finely villous 



