976 CARDUACEAE 



short-peduncled ; involucres campanulate, about 1 cm. high; outer bracts oblong- 

 Unear; achenes cylindric, short-hirsute. Arid places: s Utah. Son. Au-S. 



127. HAPLOESTES A. Gray. 



Suffrutescent perennials. Leaves opposite, Unear-filiform, somewhat fleshy. 

 Heads cymose, radiate. Involucres campanulate; bracts 4 or 5, broadly oval, 

 strongly overlapping. Receptacle flat, naked. Ray-flowers few, pistillate and 

 fertile. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and fertile. Achenes Unear, terete, gla- 

 brous, ribbed. Pappus of a single series of rigid, scabrous, white bristles. 



1. H. Greggii A. Gray. Stem 3-6 dm. high, branched, glabrous, leafy; 

 heads cymose; involucres hemispheric, about 4 mm. high; bracts glabrous, obo- 

 vate, shorter than the disk; flowers yellow; ligules 3-5, oblong, about 3 mm. long. 

 Saline soil: Tex. — Kans. — Colo. — N.M.; n Mex. Son. Je-S. 



128. ARNICA L. Arnica. 



Perennial caulescent herbs, ours with rootstocks. Leaves mostly opposite, 

 entire or toothed. Heads usually radiate, rarely discoid, several or soUtary. 

 Involucre campanulate or turbinate; bracts equal, in 1 or 2 series. Receptacle 

 flat, naked, pubescent, or fimbrillate. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile; ligules 

 yellow. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla tubular, yellow. 

 Anthers sometimes sagittate. Achenes narrow, 5-10-ribbed, pubescent or gla- 

 brous. Pappus a single series of capiUary, scabrous bristles. 



Stem with several pairs of leaves, the upper not conspicuously reduced (except in A. 

 Parryi); heads usually several. 

 Heads nodding in the bud, usually discoid. I. Eradiat.-ve. 



Heads erect in bud, radiate. 



Basal leaves cordate or ovate, long-pet ioled. 



Pappus white, merely barbellate: involucre turbinate (except in A. granulifera) , 

 not conspicuously glandular-hirsute (except in A. paniculata). 

 Achenes densely hirsute; involucre densely villous at the base. 



II. CORDIFOLIAE. 



Achenes glabrous, glandular-puherulent, or with a few scattered hairs above. 

 Involucre, peduncle, and achenes densely glandular-granuUferous. 

 Involucre hemispheric; disk about 15 mm. liigh. 



III. GR.^^nJLIFERAE. 



Involucre txu-binate; disk 10-12 mm. high. IV. Graciles. 



Involucre sUghtlv villous at the base, scarcely glandular, turliinate; 

 di.sk about 15 mm. high. V. I.atifoi.i ak. 



Pappus tawny or brownish, distinctly plumose; involucre distinct 1,\ glandular- 

 hirsute. VI. Dl\ ERSIFOLIAE. 



Basal leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, short-petioled. 

 Pappus distinctly plumose, brownish. 



Achenes glandular-granuUferous; involucre glandular-granuHferous and 

 somewhat hirsute; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 



VI l. LOXCJIFOLIAE. 



Achenes pubescent, not glandular: involucre usually glandular- hirsute (vil- 

 lous in A. gracilenta and glandular-granuUferous in A. arcana). 



VIII. MOLLES. 



Pappus merely liarbellate, white or yellowish. 



Leaves numerous, more or less grayish, the larger more than 7 cm. long; 



pappus yellowish; heads many. IX. Fomosae. 



Leaves rather few, green, the larger not more than 7 cm. long; pappus 

 white; heads 1-3. X. Alpin.ve. 



Stem-leaves 1-3 pairs, the upper much reduced, linear or Unear-lanceolate ; heads 1-3. 



Involucre hemispheric, glandular-hirsute; pappus lirown, plumose. 



XL Pedunculatae. 

 Involucres turbinate, viUous at the base (glandular only in A. arnoglossa); pappus 

 white, barbellate. X. Alpinae. 



Heads nodding in bud. XII. Lessingianae. 



I. Eradiatae. 

 One species. 1. A. Parryi. 



II. CORDIFOLIAE. 



Heads numerous; involucre more or le.ss glandular-hirsute; bracts linear. 



2. A. paniculata. 

 Heads 1-3, rarely 5; involucre villous, only with subsessile glands. 



Plant 2-4 dm. liigh; leaves tliin, usually coansely toollied; bracts oblanceolate. 

 Lower leaves with a close sinus, their teeth salient. 3. A. grandifolia. 



Lower leaves with an open sinus, their teeth directed forward. 



4. A. cor di folia. 



