982 CARDUACEAE 



puberulent, villous-ciliate on the margins, 3-8 cm. long, remotely dentate, 

 strongly 3-nerved, the lower short-petioled and spatulate or oblanceolate, the 

 upper lanceolate and sessile; heads 1-3; involucres turbinate, 10-12 mm. high, 

 villous; bracts lanceolate, acute; Ugules usually orange; achenes densely silky- 

 pilose. A. caespitosa A. Nels. A. auranliaca Greene. Hills and mountains: 

 Alta. — Colo. — Wash. Mont. — Subalp. 



35. A. tenuis Rydb. Stem sparingly villous-pubescent, about 2 dm. high, 

 monocephalous ; leaves usually 3 pairs, sparingly villous when young, entire, the 

 lower two pairs oblanceolate or spatulate, the upper lanceolate; involucre tur- 

 binate-campanulate, villous, about 10 mm. high; bracts Hnear, 1-1.5 mm. wide, 

 green; ligules orange, 16-18 mm. long; achenes sparingly pilose. (?) A. lasio- 

 sperma Greene. Mountains: Wyo. — Colo. Mont. — Subalp. Jl-Au. 



36. A. alpina (L.) Olin. Stem 1-3 dm. high, loosely villous; basal leaves 

 with margined petioles, 4-10 cm. long; blades lanceolate, 3-nerved, acuminate; 

 stem-leaves 1 or 2 pairs, sessile, lanceolate, with long acumination; heads usually 

 soUtary; involucre turbinate, about 1 cm. high, loosely white-villous, densely so 

 at the base; bracts lanceolate. A. angustifolia Vahl. Arctic-alpine situations: 

 Greenl. — Lab. — B.C. — Alaska; Wyo.; n Eu. Alp. Au. 



37. A. tomentosa .J. M. Macoun. Stem rarely over 1 dm. high; basal leaves 

 oblanceolate, 3-nerved, white villous-tomentose, 2-5 cm. long, entire; stem-leaves 

 1 or 2 pairs, lanceolate, the upper pair diminutive, acute; heads usually solitary; 

 involucres turbinate, 10-12 mm. high, den.sely white-villous; bracts lanceolate, 

 acute or obtusish; achenes densely silky villous. High mountains: Alta. — B.C. 

 Alp. Jl-Au. 



38. A. pedunculata Rydb. Stem 2-6 dm. high, finely villous, somewhat 

 glandular above; leaves mostly basal, broadly oblong to nearly linear, 3-5-ribbed, 

 5-10 cm. long, densely short-pilose, entire, tapering into winged petioles; stem- 

 leaves usually 2 pairs, hnear, sessile, the upper small; heads usually solitary; in- 

 volucres hemispheric, 12-15 mm. high, densely villous; bracts 18-20, lanceolate 

 or hnear-lanceolate, acute; ligules orange, 1.5 cm. long; achenes hirsute. A. 

 monocephala Rydb., a low broad-leaved form. Hills and meadows: Sask. — N.D. 

 — Colo. — Calif. — Wash. Submont. — Subalp. Je-Au. 



39. A. fulgens Pursh. Stem 2-4 dm. high, glandular-pubescent; basal 

 leaves petioled, 6-8 cm. long; blades oblanceolate, glandular-puberulent, some- 

 what hirsutulous on the veins, 3-ribbed, entire; stem-leaves 2 or 3 pairs, linear- 

 lanceolate or linear, small; heads usually solitary, sometimes 3; involucres hemi- 

 spheric, 12-15 cm. high; bracts linear, acute; ligules orange; achenes hirsute. A. 

 stricta Greene, not A. Nels. A. sororia Greene. Hills: S.D. — Colo. — Calif. — 

 B.C. Plain— Submont. My-0. 



40. A. Louiseana Farr. Stem 1-2 dm. high, glandular-puberulent and 

 with scattered longer hairs; leaves glandular-jjuberulent and hisi)i(lulou.s-ciliate 

 on the margins, about 3 pairs; lowest pair obovate, short-petioled, mostly entire; 

 second pair oblong, 4-6 cm. long, sparingly denticulate, sessile, the uppermost 

 lanceolate, reduced; heads 1-3, nodding; involucres broadly turbinate, villous- 

 glandular at the base, about 1 cm. high; bracts lanceolate, purplish, glandular- 

 jmberulent; flowers light yellow; achenes with scattered hairs; i)api)us white, 

 barbellate. Rocky sIojjcs: Alta. Subalp. — Alp. Jl-Au. 



129. SENECIO L. Groundskl, Ragwort, Squaw-weed. 



Annual or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, entire, toothed, or 

 pinnatifid. Heads several or many, rarely solitary, radiate or discoid. Invo- 

 hicre from hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric; bracts many, strictly in one 

 series or with a few smaller, forming a calyculum at the base. Receptacle flat or 

 slightly convex, naked, often pitted. Ray-flowers, if present, pistillate and fer- 

 tile, ligulate. Disk-flowers more numerous, hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas 

 yellow, tubular. Anthers obtuse or rarely slightly sagittate at the base. Style- 

 branches in the di.sk-flowers spreading and recurved. Achenes terete, or slightly 

 flattened, 5-10-ribbed. Pappus copious, of capillary bristles. 



