THISTLE FAMILY 10L3 



and around dwellings: Que. — Va. — Calif. — B.C.; native of Eu.; escaped from 

 cultivation. Je-S. 



2. C. solstitialis L. Annual; .stem much branched, 3-6 dm. high, canes- 

 cent; leaves decurrent on the margins of the stem, canescent, the lower pinnatifid 

 with oblong or ovate divisions, the upper entire and linear; involucres round-urceo- 

 late, about 1 cm. high; bracts yellowish, ending in 3-5 spines; the central one of 

 the middle bracts very stout, 1-2 cm. long; corollas yellow. Waste places: Mass. 

 — N.Y. — la. — Ont.; Calif. — Utah; adv. from the Mediterranean region. Jl-S. 



Family 137. CICHORIACEAE. Chicory Family. 



Herbs vnth a bitter or milk_y sap. Leaves mostly alternate, sometimes all 

 basal. Flowers all alike, hermaphrodite and fertile, in involucrate heads. 

 Involucres of 1-several series of bracts, sometimes subtended by a series 

 of smaller bracts (calyculum). Receptacle fiat or nearly so. Corollas all 

 gamopetalous, split on one side part way down, the upper portion modified 

 into a strap-shaped ligule. Stamens 5; anthers united into a tube around 

 the pistU; sacs auricled or sagittate at the base, appendaged at the apex. 

 Style 2-cleft; branches filiform, naked, stigmatic only towards the base. 



A. Pappus none; achenes with corky pericarp. 1. ATRrcnosERis. 



B. Pappus present. 



I. Pappus of plumose bristles, often more or less paleaceous at the base. 



Achenes truncate at the apex, not beaked. 



Flowers yellow; simple plants with fusiform roots. 2. Ptilocal.\IS. 



Flowers pink, rose, or white; branched plants with rush-like stems. 



3. Ptilori.v. 

 Achenes with long beaks. 

 Receptacle not chaffy. 



Involucres of 7-1.5 linear-acuminate equal bracts and smaller calyculate 

 ones at the base; achenes obscurely ribbed; branched annuals with pin- 

 natifid leaves. 4. Nemoseris. 

 Involucres of several lanceolate-attenuate herbaceous bracts ; no calyculate 

 ones at the base; achenes 5-10-ribbed; leaves grass-like and heads soli- 

 tary. 5. Tr.\gopogox. 

 Receptacle chaffy. 6. Hypocheris. 



II. Pappus not plumose. 



a. Pappus consisting, at least partly, of squamellae or these reduced and united 



mto a crown. 



1. Involucr&s simple and naked, i. p., without smaller calyculate ones below; 

 pappus of both squamellae and bristles ; flowers yellow. 



7. Adopogox. 



2. Involucres double, either imbricate or with smaller calyculate ones below. 



Flowers blue; pappus crown-like of small numerous blunt squamellae in 



2 or more series; tall perennials. 8. ClCHORRrM. 



Flowers yellow; pappus of large squamellae; low annuals, acaulescent or 

 nearly so. 

 Squamellae of the pappus 5, cleft at the apex with an awn in the notch; 



involucras calyculate. 9. Urop.\ppus. 



Squamellae of the pappus 20-30. very narrow, linear-lanceolate, taper- 

 ing into a bristle-like ape.x; bracts nearly equal, in two series. 



10. XOTHOC.\L.\IS. 



b. Pappus of capillary liristles, not plumose, sUghtly if at all broadened below. 



1. Achenes not flattened. 



a. Pappus-bristles promptly deciduous, mainly together, only a few of the 

 stouter ones in some species remaining. 

 Achenes more or less narrowed into a beak. 



Achen&s without a cup-shaped shoulder, not cancellate. 



Achenes 5-ribbed; main bracts scarious-margined ; receptacle 



bristly. 11. Calycoseris. 



Achenes iQ-striate; brax;ts not scarious; receptacle not bristly. 



12. YOUXGIA. 



Achenes .5-ribbed, conspicuously cancellate-sculptured. with a cupu- 

 late shoulder, from which the slender, 5-ribbed hollow beak 

 arises. 13. (Jlyptoplura. 



Achenes not beaked, columnar, .5-15-ribbed, truncate at the apex. 



Involucres of broad silvery-scarious bracts, regularly imbricate; 

 bristles of the receptacle persistent. 14. Malacolepis. 



Involucres of narrow acuminate or acute bracts, only slightly scari- 

 ous-margined; bristles of the receptacle, if any, few and "decidu- 

 ous. 15. Malacothrix. 



