CHICORY FAMILY 1037 



8. L. spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Annual or biennial; stem glabrous 5-35 dm. 

 high; leaves deeply pinnatifid, more or less hispid on the veins beneath; lobes 

 somewhat recurved; involucres campanulate, about 1 cm. high; bracts imbricate 

 in about 4 series, lanceolate; flowers blue to nearly white; achenes eUiptic, 5- 

 nerved. L. leucophaca (Willd.) A. Gray. Moist ground: Newf. — N.C. — Colo. 

 — Ida. — Man. Submont. — Mont. Jl-0. 



9. L. multifida Rydb. Annual or biennial; stem 1-2 m. high, glabrous, 

 somewhat glaucous; leaves deeply pinnatifid, glabrous and glaucous; involucres 

 about 1 cm. high, campanulate; bracts purplish, in 3-4 series, lanceolate to linear- 

 lanceolate, obtusish; flowers blue; achenes brown, 5-ribbed. Wet places: B.C. — 

 Mont. — Ida.— Ore. Submont. Jl-Au. 



26. SONCHUS (Tom-n.) L. Sow-thistle. 



Leafy-stemmed, mostly glaucous herbs, with cymose or umbellate heads. 

 Involucre campanulate; bracts few, thin, with many shorter ones at the base. 

 Flowers yellow. Achenes obcompressed, ribbed, not beaked. Pappus of numer- 

 ous white, soft, fine bristles, mainly falling off together. 



Perennial; achenes slightly compressed; involucres iisually glandular-pubescent: heads 

 about 2 cm. liigh. 1. S. arrensis. 



Annual; achenes strongly compressed; involucres usually glabrous; heads about 15 mm. 

 high. 

 Auricles of the leaves acute; achenes transversely wrinkled. 2. S. oleraceus. 



Auricles of the leaves rounded; achenes not transversely wrinkled. 3. S. asper. 



1. S. arvensis L. Stem 5-12 dm. high, leafy below; lower leaves runcinate- 

 pinnatifid, spinulose-dentate, with short petioles, glabrous; upper leaves lanceo- 

 late, sessile, clasping, undivided or pinnatifid; bracts linear-lanceolate, in about 

 3 series; achenes oblong, slightly flattened, with, thick ribs, transversely rugose. 

 Fields and roadsides: Newf. — N.J. — -Utah — Ida. — B.C.; nat. from Eu. Jl-0. 



2. S. oleraceus L. Stem 5-30 dm. high, glabrous; lower leaves petioled, 

 l\Tate-pinnatifid, 1-2.5 dm. long; lobes lanceolate, spinulose-dentate, or the 

 terminal one large and triangular or triangidar-hastate ; upper leaves similar but 

 auric ulate-clasping; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, imbricate in about 4 

 series; achenes 2.5 mm. long, oblong, 3-ribbed. Fields and waste places: N.S. — 

 Fla. — Calif.— Wash.; Mex., C. Am., and S. Am.; nat. from Eu. Plain — Submont. 

 My-N. 



3. S. asper (L.) All. Stem 5-30 dm. high, glabrous; lower leaves obovate 

 or spatulate, petioled, the upper oblong or lanceolate, auriculate-clasping, un- 

 divided to deeply runcinate-pinnatifid, with broad lobes, spinulose-denticulate; 

 bracts Unear-lanceolate, imbricate in about 4 series, the outer with the midribs 

 more or less thickened in age; achenes oblong, 3-ribbed, about 3 mm. long. 

 Waste places and fields: N.S. — Fla. — Calif. — B.C.; W. Ind. and Mex.; nat. from 

 Eu. Plain — Submont, My-N. 



