KNOWLTON.] BIOLOGICAL COI^SIDEEATIONS. 101 



forms, I luu'e called ^E. xlm nlotn. It is clearly related to ^E. octandra 

 and JE. glahra, both well-known species of the Eastern United States. 



The Sapindacese are represented by four species of Sapindus, but 

 by a relatively small number of specimens. Under the name of S. 

 Merriauil I have characterized a small species from Bridge Creek. 

 It seems closest to some of the smaller leaflets of S. ohtusifolius 

 Lesq., ))ut has smaller and thinner secondaries. The other species 

 are all found in tlie ]\Iascall beds, and are each represented by single 

 specimens. This family was clearly not of great importance. 



The Rhamnacea?, although represented by two species, are few in 

 numbers and evidently pla3"ed an unimporant role. 



To the Tiliaceaj are referred two species of Grewia, one of which, 

 G. crenata^ is a well-known European Miocene species. It is most 

 abundant in the beds at Bi'idge Creek, but a few examples have also 

 been found in the Mascall l>eds at Van Horn's ranch. The other form, 

 G. aarlcidata Lesq., rests on the single type specimen, no others 

 having been obtained. It is possible that it is only an abnormal leaf 

 of G. crenata. 



The family Araliacese is represented by two named forms, and a 

 numl)er so poorl}- preserved as to render specitic identilication unsafe. 

 Thus A. digitata Ward is found in the lowest or Cherry Creek locality. 

 In the same beds is another broken specimen that was referred to Ai'cdia 

 7iotata by Lesquereux, but it is too fragmentary to permit of a satis- 

 factory specific determination. The locality 3 miles above Clarnos 

 Ferry has afl'orded two fragments, evidently representing quite dis- 

 tinct species of Aralia, but they are too poor to Warrant specitic nam- 

 ing. The Mascall beds afford a single specimen that is referred with 

 some doubt to A. W/dtneyi. It is a smaller leaf than is usual in this 

 species. 



The families Cornacene and Ericaceae are represented by a single 

 species each, the first by Cornus ferox% Unger and the latter by Andro- 

 meda crasm Lesq. 



The Ebenacese are represented by two species of Diospyros, D. alas- 

 hana Schimper, in the Cherry Creek deposits, and D. elUptica^ a new 

 form from the Mascall beds. The latter has the nervation of living 

 American species, but is more obtuse at apex than is usual in these 

 leaves. 



The Oleaceas, although represented by only two species of Fraxinus, 

 both from Bridge Creek, was of considerable prominence, judging 

 from the number of individuals present. Fraxinus integrifoUa Newb. , 

 is a very thick, coriaceous-leaved species. 



Under the name of Phyllites there are a number of peculiar forms. 

 Some of these are well preserved and may later be referred to more 

 distinctive places; others are mere fragments too small for adequate 

 determination. 



