STANDLEY — FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 277 



8. JUNIPERUS L. 



Trees or shrubs; leaves scalelike or awl-shaped, opposite or in whorls of 3; pistillate 

 and staminate flowers home on the same or separate plants; cones berry -like, with 

 resinous flesh. 



Plants trees or large erect shrubs. Leaves .scalelike, 1 to 1.5 mm. long. 



1. J. scopulorum. 

 Plants low, spreading or creeping shrubs. 



Leaves scalelike, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, opposite, appressed to the branchlets. 



2. J. horizontalis. 

 Leaves awl-shaped, 5 to 10 mm. long, in whorls of 3, spreading . . 3. J. sibirica. 



1. Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Western red cedar. Occasional at low altitudes 

 on the west slope, in rocky places. B. C. and Alta. to Tex. and Ariz. {Sabina 

 scopulonim Rydb.)— Small tree or shrub, with fissured brown bark and rounded or 

 pointed crown; leaves opposite; fruit dark blue. 



Small ti"ees grow along the river at Belton. 



2. Juniperus horizontalis Moench. Creeping cedar. Common on the east slope 

 in open places up to timber line or even above. B. C. to Wyo., Minn., N. Y., and 

 X. S. {Sabina horizontalis Rydb.)— Prostrate shrub, often forming great mats; 

 leaves .green or bluish; fruit dark blue, 1 to 3-seeded. 



This species is most abundant at low altitudes; at St. Mary it forms great carpets 

 over the flats, the branches usually lying close against the ground. On shale slopes 

 of a canyon near the east entrance two forms of this plant were observed, one with 

 bright green leaves, the other with bluish leaves. At a short distance the difference 

 in color was very striking. 



3. Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Ground juniper. Common in woods or on open 

 slopes up to, and sometimes above, timber line; most abundant on the east slope- 

 Alaska to Calif., N. Y., and Lab.; also in Asia. — Prostrate or spreading shrub, some, 

 times a meter high, usually forming broad clumps or carpets; leaves sharp-pointed, 

 twisted at the base, white on the upper surface; fruit pale blue, 1 to 3-seeded. 



Perhaps only a form of /. communis L. On exposed slopes, at either high or low 

 elevations, the plants are often prostrate, and form extensive slippery mats over 

 which it is difficult to climb. Groimd juniper frequently grows with creeping cedar. 



8. TYPHACEAE. Cat-tail Family. 



1. TYPHA L. 



1. Typha latifolia L. Cat-tail In small ponds or pools about the east entrance. 

 Widely distributed in N. Amer. and in the Old World. — Plants perennial, usually 

 about a meter high; leaves linear, 5 to 25 mm. wide, glabrous, spongy; flowers small, 

 consisting of stamens and a pistil surrounded by bristles, crowded in a very dense, 

 cylindric spike; staminate flowers borne in the upper part of the spike, the dark 

 brown pistillate flowers in the lower part. 



9. SPARGANIACEAE. Bur-reed Family. 



1. SPARGANTCTM L. Bur-reed. 



Glabrous perennial aquatic plants with rootstocks; leaves linear; flowers green, in 

 dense spheric heads, the pistillate and staminate ones in separate heads; fruit nutlike, 

 containing 1 or 2 seeds. 



Leaves mostly 5 to 10 mm. wide; fruit heads about 2 cm wide; fruit gradually 



tapering into a beak 1. S. multipedunculatum. 



Leaves 3 to 4 mm. wide; heads about 1.5 cm. wide; fruit abruptly beaked. 



2. S. angustifolium. 



