364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL, HERBARIUM. 



2. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) Don. Occasional on the east slope at low altitudes, 

 on prairie or open hillsides. B. C. and Alta. to N. Mex. — Stems 20 to 40 cm. high, 

 few-flowered; leaves 10 to 20 cm. long; leaflets 9 to 19; petals slightly longer than 

 the sepals. 



The Blackfoot Indians are said to have used a decoction of the plant as a remedy 

 for sore eyes. 



11. RTJBUS L. 



Shrubs or herbs, often prickly or bristly; leaves compound and pinnate or digitate, 

 or sometimes simple; flowers in corymbs or racemes, rarely solitary; stamens 

 numerous; petals white; fruit of few or many small fleshy drupes, these united or 

 distinct. 



Leaves simple, lobed; stems unarmed 1. R. parviflorus. 



Leaves compound, with 3 or more leaflets; stems often prickly or bristly. 



Stems herbaceous, unarmed, creeping; leaflets 5, digitate 2. B. pedatus. 



Stems woody, armed with prickles or bristles; leaflets various. 



Stems prostrate, armed ^\^.th recurved prickles; leaves digitate, and often again 

 pinnate, the leaflets deeply lobed; fruit a blackberry . . . 3. R. laciniatus. 

 Stems erect or nearly so, with straight prickles or bristles; leaves mostly pinnate, 

 the 3 leaflets toothed or shallowly lobed; fruit a raspberrj'. 



Fruit red; stems bristly and with gland-tipped hairs 4. R. strigosus. 



Fruit purplish black; stems prickly, glabrous ........ 5. R. leucodermis. 



1. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Thimbleberry. Common at low and middle alti- 

 tudes, usually in dense woods, sometimes extending to timber line. Alaska to 

 Calif., N. Mex., and Ont. (Rubacer parviflorum Rydb.) — Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, 

 finely hairy; leaves maple-like, 5 to 30 cm. wide, 3 or 5-lobed; flowers panicled; 

 petals rounded or oval, 1.5 to 3 cm. long; fruit like a raspberry, pale red, 1.5 to 2 cm. 

 broad. 



This is one of the most abundant plants of deep moist woods, often covering almost 

 solidly many acres of ground. The large flowers are conspicuous. The fruit is soft 

 and collapses when picked; it is rather dry and of poor flavor. It hangs on the 

 bushes a long time and often sours. 



2. Rubus pedatus Smith. Seen by the writer only on the Avalanche Lake trail, 

 on mossy banks in deep woods. Alaska to Calif., Mont., and Alta.— Stems very 

 slender, creeping; the flowering branches short; leaflets thin, 1 to 5 cm. long, 

 irregularly toothed; flowers solitary; fruit of 1 to 5 loose red drupelets. 



In general appearance the plant bears little resemblance to a raspberry or black- 

 berry. The fruit is of good flavor, but it is too small to be edible. 



3. Rubus laciniatus Willd. Cutleaf blackberry. A few plants in thin woods 

 at Lewis's.— Stems long and slender, very prickly; leaflets 5, each one deeply lobed 

 or more often pinnate, with 3 or 5 leaflets, green, nearly glabrous; petals about 1 cm. 

 long; fruit black, globose, 12 to 15 mm. in diameter. 



Doubtless escaped from cultivation here. The native region of this species is not 

 definitely known; it is often cultivated and has become naturalized on the Pacific 

 coast. 



4. Rubus strigosus Michx. Red raspberry. Plate 50, A. Common at middle 

 altitudes, and sometimes at low altitudes or above timber line. B. C. to Oreg., 

 N. Mex., N. C, and Lab. (R. melanolasius Focke.) — Shrub, usually 0.5 to 1 meter 

 high, the stems brown or yellowish, often glaucous, very bristly; leaflets ovate or 

 lanceolate, acute, green above, closely white-woolly beneath; petals 5 to 6 mm. long. 



The fruit is of good flavor, but the seeds are very large. On rock slides the plants 

 (as shown in the plate) are often only 10 to 15 cm. high, but such small plants often 

 fruit abundantlv. 



