366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 



7. Rosa woodsii Lindl. East entrance, on shale slopes. B. C. to Colo, and 

 N. Dak. — Slender slirub, about 60 cm. high, armed with slender straight prickles; 

 leaflets 5 or 7, 1 to 2 cm. long; fruit 8 to 10 mm. thick. 



8. Rosa nltramontana (S. Wats.) Heller. Frequent on the east slope at low- 

 altitudes, in woods or thickets. Oreg. to Calif, and Mont. — Slender shrub, about 

 60 cm. high, armed with slender straight prickles; leaflets 5 or 7, 1.5 to 4 cm. long; 

 petals about 1.5 cm. long; fruit 8 to 10 mm. thick. 



43. MALACEAE. Apple Family. 



Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, with stipules, toothed, lobed, or pinnate; petals 

 5, wliite; stamens numerous; fruit fleshy, somewhat resembling a small apple. — 

 The cultivated apples, pears, and quinces belong to this family. 



Leaves pinnate, with numerous leaflets 1. SORBUS. 



Leaves merely toothed or shallowly lobed. 



Branches armed with stout spines; leaves usually somewhat lobed; flowers in 



corymbs 2. CRATAEGUS. 



Branches unarmed ; leaves toothed but not at all lobed ; flowers in racemes. 



3. AMELANCHIER. 

 1. SORBUS L. Mountain-ash. 



Unarmed shrubs; leaflets toothed; flowers in dense cymes; fruit very sour. 

 Leaflets very acute, toothed to near the base; fruit red; calyx not glaucous. 



1. S. sambucifolia. 



Leaflets mostly rounded or very obtuse at the apex, usually entire near the base; 



fruit purplish; calyx somewhat glaucous 2. S. sitchensis. 



1. Sorbus sambucifolia (Cham. & Schlecht.) Roem. Frequent at low and some- 

 times at middle altitudes, in woods or on open slopes. Alaska to Oreg., Ariz., and 

 Alta.; also in Siberia. (S. scopuUjia Greene.) — Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, sometimes 

 forming dense clumps; leaflets 11 to 13, elliptic-oblong, 3 to 6 cm. long, glabrous or 

 nearly so; fruit orange or scarlet, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. 



2. Sorbus sitchensis Roem. Common, usually near and sometimes above timber 

 line, in woods or on open slopes. Alaska to Oreg. and Mont.; also in Japan. {S. 

 occidentalis Greene.) — Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, with few or no branches; leaflets 

 usually 9 or 11, oval-oblong, 3 to 5 cm. long, paler beneath, glabrous or nearly so; 

 petals about 5 mm. long; fruit turning orange and finally purple, about 8 mm. long. 



The shrub is conspicuous when covered with the large clusters of handsome fruit. 

 The flowers are sweet-scented. The leaves turn yellow in autumn, and even in 

 midsummer they are often discolored with yellow spots, due to the presence of a rust. 



2. CRATAEGUS L. 



1. Crataegus douglasii Lindl. Black hawthorn. Common on the west slope- 

 at low and middle altitudes, on lake shores and along streams; occasional on the east 

 slope at low altitudes, sometimes on open slopes. B. C. to Calif., N. Mex., and Mich. — 

 Shrub or tree, 1 to 5 meters high, armed with short stout spines; leaves stalked, 

 ovate or oval, 2 to 7 cm. long, toothed and lobed, glabrous or nearly so; flowers- 

 white, in small clusters; fruit purplish black, juicy. 



The plants on the east slope are mostly low and stunted; they are rather abundant 

 along the shore at the foot of St. Mary Lake. The leaves often turn red in late summer. 

 The fruit is edible, but of rather poor quality; it is much more juicy than in the 

 common eastern species. 



3. AMELANCHIER Medic. 



1. Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Serviceberry. Common at low and middle 

 altitudes, in woods or thickets or on open slopes. Yukon to Colo., Nebr., and Mich. — 

 Slender shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, nearly glabrous; leaves oval or rounded, 2 to 6 



