STANDLEY — FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 383 



2. HIPPURIS L. 



1. Hippuris vulgaris L. Mare's-tail. About ponds or dried-up pools on prairie 

 about the east entrance. Widely distributed in N. Amer., Eur., and Asia. — 

 Glabrous perennial, 20 to 70 cm. high, with unbranched stems; leaves in whorls of 

 ■C to 12, linear, acute, entire; flowers very small, green, sessile in the leaf axils. 



60. ARALIACEAE. Ginseng Family. 



Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is one of the best-known plants of this family. 

 It is a native of the eastern United States. 



Plants shrubby, armed with prickles 1. ECHINOPANAX. 



Plants herbaceous, unarmed 2. ARALIA. 



1. ECHINOPANAX Decaisne & Planch. 



1. Echinopanax horridum (J. E. Smith) Decaisne & Planch. Devil's-club. Com- 

 mon on the west slope at low altitudes, in moist woods and thickets; reported from 

 the east slope, but certainly rare. Alaska to Oreg., Mont., and Mich. (Fafsia horrida 

 Benth. & Hook.) — Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the stems and under siu-faces of the 

 leaves covered with long prickles; leaves very large, lobed and toothed; flowers 

 small, greenish white, in small umbels arranged in a panicle; fruit bright red, juicy, 

 not edible. 



One of the characteristic shrubs of the west slope, often forming extensive and 

 almost impenetrable thickets. The plant has a strong odor. The large leaves remind 

 one of those of some tropical plants. The panicles of fruit are usually large, dense, 

 and very heavy. 



2. ARALIA L. 



1. Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild sarsaparilla. Common at low altitudes on the 

 west slope, in woods or on brushy hillsides. B. C. to Colo., N. C, and Newf. — Plants 

 glabrous, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaf rising directly from the rootstock, composed of several 

 leaflets, these 5 to 10 cm. long, finely toothed; flowers small, greenish, usually arranged 

 in 3 umbels on a naked stalk; fruit purplish black, juicy, not edible. 



In autumn the leaves turn pink or deep red. The roc't§tocks have properties 

 similar to those of sarsaparilla and are employed in medicine. The true sarsaparilla 

 of commerce is obtained from tropical American species of Sviilax. 



61. APIACEAE. Parsley Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs, often with a strong odor;' stems usually hollow; leaves 

 alternate, commonly compound, the petiole broadened at its base; flowers small, in 

 simple or compound umbels, rarely in heads; sepals 5, usually very small; petals 5; 

 stamens 5; fruit of 2 one-seeded carpels, these at first attached to each other but finally 

 separating. — The names Umbelliferae and Ammiaceae are sometimes used for the 

 group. Cultivated parsley, carrots, caraway, dill, and celery belong to this family. 

 The flowers are usually in small umbels which are arranged in large umbels; at the 

 "base of the large umbel there is often an involucre of bracts, and at the base of the 

 smaller umbels an involucel of bractlets. 



Lowest (or all) leaves simple, entire or toothed. 



Leaves all entire, pale green 1. BTJPLETJRUM. 



Leaves not entire, the lowest ones heart-shaped and toothed, the upper ones com- 

 pound (composed of several leaflets) 2. ZIZIA. 



Lowest leaves (like the upper ones) compound, composed of 3 to many leaflets. 

 Fruit covered with short hooked spines; leaflets 3 or 5, all attached at the end of 



the leaf stalk 3. SANICULA. 



Fruit not spiny; leaflets 3 or more, not all attached at the end of the leaf stalk. 

 Fruit linear or nearly so, several times as long as broad. 



Fruit with appressed bristly hairs on the ribs; flowers white. 



4. OSMORRHIZA. 

 Fruit glabrous; flowers pale yellow 5. GLYCOSMA. 



