386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 



1. Cicuta occidentalis Greene. Water hemlock. Occasional on the west slope 

 at low altitudes, in swampy thickets. Calif, to Alta., S. Dak., and N. Mex. — Plants 

 about 1 meter high, stout; leaves twice pinnate; leaflets 5 to 10 cm. long, sharply- 

 toothed; fruit 3 mm. long. 



The roots are poisonous to stock and to human beings. 



2. Cicuta bulbifera L. Sphagnum bogs on the west slope. B. C. to Oreg., Md., 

 and Me. — Plants slender, 30 to 50 cm. high, often tinged with purple; leaves 2 or 3 

 times divided, the leaflets 2 to 5 cm. long; fruit 2 mm. long. 



9. HERACLEUM L. 



1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Cow parsnip. Plate 51, B. Common at nearly 

 all altitudes, usually in moist woods or thickets, often in wet meadows, and some- 

 times even on high rock slides. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., N. C, and Vt. — Coarse 

 perennial, 1 to 1.5 meters high, very hairy; leaves large, the few leaflets 10 to 30 

 cm. broad, toothed and lobed, the petioles with dilated sheaths; flowers white, in 

 broad uml)els, the bracts and bractlets linear; fruit flat, about 1 cm. long, winged on 

 the edges, finely hairy. 



In the park the curious name of "sacred rhubarb" is sometimes applied to this 

 plant, especially by the guides. The same name is found also in ethnological 

 literature, and it is derived from the fact that this is a sacred plant of the Blackfoot 

 Indians and is used in some of their ceremonials, as in the sun dance, in which 

 stalks are placed upon the altar. The plant certainly bears little resemblance to 

 rhubarb. In the spring the Blackfoot Indians eat the succulent young shoots of the 

 cow parsnip after roasting them over hot coals. The plant is an important article of 

 food of many of the northwestern Indians. 



10. PASTINACA L. 



1. Pastinaca satlva L. Parsnip. Occasional on the east slope at low altitudes, 

 in thickets or cultivated ground. Native of Eur. ; cultivated and often naturalized. — 

 Biennial, glabrous or nearly so; leaves pinnate, the leaflets ovate, sessile, 2 to 10 

 cm. long, lobed and toothed; flowers yellow; involucre none; fruit flat, glabrous, 

 5 to 7 mm. long, winged along the edges. 



11. COGSWELLIA Spreng. 



Perennials with thick roots; leaves di\-ided intq numerous small or large leaflets; 

 bracts none, but bractlets usually present; fruit strongly flattened, the carpels winged 

 on the edges. 



Leaflets 5 to 10 cm. long, linear, entire 1. C. triternata. 



Leaflets less than 1 cm. long, toothed or lobed. 



Fruit glabrous, about 1 cm. long; flowers white 2. C. macrocarpa. 



Fruit puberulent, 4 to 5 mm. long; flowers yellow 3. C. sandbergii. 



1. Cogswellia triternata (Pursh) Jones. Frequent on the east slope, at low (rarely 

 at middle) altitudes, on dry open hillsides or in aspen thickets. B. C. to Calif., 

 Wyo., and Alta.— Stems 30 to 60 cm. high, minutely puberulent; leaves 2 or 3 times 

 divided, pale green; flowers yellow; fruit glabrous, 6 to 12 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. 

 wide. 



2. Cogswellia macrocarpa (Nutt.) Jones. East entrance, on dry open hillsides. 

 B. C. to Calif., Colo., and Sask. — Stems 20 to 50 cm. high, purplish, finely puberulent, 

 branched from the base; leaves divided into numerous small puberulent leaflets; 

 fruit 5 to 7 mm. wide. 



3. Cogswellia sandbergii (Coult. & Rose) Jones. Occasional above or shortly 

 below timber line, on open slopes or in meadows. B. C, Idaho, Mont., and Alta. — 

 Stems 10 to 15 cm. high, purplish, minutely puberulent; leaves small, soon withering, 

 divided into very small, nearly glabrous leaflets; fruit about 3 mm. wide. 



