STANDLEY FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 411 



The leaves are very fleshy; they seem greasy to the touch, hence the name 

 butterwort. On their upper surface they produce a sticky secretion which entraps 

 small insects and digests them for use as food by the plant. The handsome flowers 

 strongly suggest those of a purple violet. 



80. PIANTAGINACEAE. Plantain Family. 



1. PLANTAGO L. Plantain. 



Perennial herbs; leaves all basal, with conspicuous ribs, entire or somewhat toothed; 

 flowers in very dense spikes, on long naked stalks; sepals 4, slightly united; corolla 

 4-lobed, thin and papery, greenish or brownish, often persistent in fruit; fruit a small 

 capsule, Oldening by a caplike lid. 



Leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 10 cm. wide or even broader, abruptly rounded at the base. 



1. P. major. 

 Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 cm. wide or narrower, long-tapering at the base. 



2. P. septata. 



1. Plantago major L. Common plantain. Occasional at low altitudes, by road- 

 sides, on open slopes, or in waste or cultivated ground . Widely distributed in temperate 

 regions; native of Eur. — Leaves petioled, 5 to 25 cm. long, entire or coarsely toothed, 

 glabrous or hairy, 5 or 7-ribbed; spikes 4 to 15 cm. long; capsule about .S mm. long. 



2. Plantago septata Morris. Plains at east entrance, Umbach. Alaska to Mont.— 

 Leaves short-petioled, 8 to 12 cm. long, entire, hairy, 5-ribbed; spikes 3 to 6 cm. long. 



81. ETJBIACEAE. Madder Family. 



1. GALIUM L. Bedsteaw. 



Annual or perennial herbs with 4-angled stems; leaves whorled, entire, narrow; 

 flowers small, white, in cymes or panicles; calyx none; corolla 3 or 4-lobed; stamens 4; 

 fruit of 2 united rounded carpels, dry, 2-seeded. 



Fruit (and base of the flower) glabrous 1. G. trifidum. 



Fruit covered with hooked hairs. 



Leaves mostly 6 in a whorl, bristle-pointed 2. G. triflorum. 



Leaves usually 4 (sometimes 2) in a whorl, rounded or obtuse at the apex. 

 Plants annual; leaves 1-nerved; flowers solitary in the leaf a.xils. 



3. G. bifolium. 

 Plants perennial ; leaves 3-nerved; flowers panicled 4. G. boreale. 



1. Galium trifidum L. Small bedstraw. Common, chiefly at low but sometimes at 

 middle altitudes, in swamps, bogs, or wet thickets. Alaska to Colo., N. Y., and Lab. ; 

 also in Eur. and Asia. — Stems very slender, 10 to 40 cm. long, weak and usually reclin- 

 ing, rough on the angles; leaves usually 4 but sometimes 5 or 6 in a whorl, 1-nerved, 

 5 to 15 mm. long, blunt; flowers 1 to 3 on each peduncle; corolla white, 3-lobed, about 

 1.5 mm. broad. 



2. Galium triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented bedstraw. Common nearly every- 

 where up to timber line, in bogs, wet thickets, or moist woods, sometimes on open 

 slopes. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., Ala., and Newf. — Stems weak, ascending, 30 to 60 

 cm. long, very rough on the angles; leaves oblanceolate, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1-ribbed; 

 flowers mostly 3 on each peduncle; corolla white, 4-lobed. 



3. Galium bifolium S. Wats. East entrance, in woods, Umbach. B. C. to Calif., 

 Colo., and Mont. — Stems erect, slender, 10 to 15 cm. high, glabrous, usually simple; 

 leaves 2 to 4 in a whorl, 8 to 15 mm. long.; flowers slender-stalked. 



4. Galium boreale L. Baby's-breath. Common at all altitudes, on open slopes 

 or rock slides or in woods or thickets. Widely distributed in N. Amer., Eur., and 

 Asia. — Stems 15 to 60 cm. high, often in dense clumps, erect, stout, glabrous or nearly 



