STANDLEY — FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 413 



4. SYMPHORICARPOS Ludw. Snowberry. 



Shrubs with brown branches; leaves entire, or on young shoots often lobed, obtuse; 

 corolla bell-shaped; fruit white. 



Stamens not exserted from the corolla 1. S. albus. 



Stamens shortly exserted from the corolla 2. S. occidentalis. 



1. Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake. Common at low and middle altitudes, in 

 thickets or thin or deep woods or on open slopes. B. 0. to Calif., Colo., Va., and 

 N. S. — Slender shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, nearly glabrous; leaves usually thin, 

 oval or rounded, 2 to 5 cm. long; corolla pale or deep pink, bearded inside; fruit 

 6 to 10 mm. long, pure white, not edible. 



A handsome shrub when loaded with its fruit; it is often seen in cultivation. 

 The plants bloom for a long time, and flowers and ripe fruit are often found on the 

 same bush. 



2. Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Frequent on the east slope at low altitudes, 

 in thickets or thin woods or on prairie or open hillsides. B. C. to Colo., Mo., and 

 Mich. — Similar to 5. albus, but the leaves usually thicker; corolla deep pink. 



5. LONICERA L. 



Erect shrubs; leaves entire; corolla often 2-lipped; fruits 2 together, fleshy. — The 

 various kinds of honeysuckle, many of which are vines, belong to this genus. 

 Fruit red; bracts at base of flowers small and inconspicuous; corolla 2-lipped. 



1. L. utahensis. 

 Fruit black; bracts large and leaflike, at least in fruit; corolla almost regular, 



2. L. involucrata. 



1. Lonicera utahensis S. Wats. Red twinberry. Frequent at nearly all alti- 

 tudes, in thickets or thin or deep woods or on open slopes; often growing about 

 timber line, but most common at middle altitudes. B. C. to Utah and Mont. 

 {Xylosteon utahense Howell.) — Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, glabrous; leaves broadly 

 oval or rounded, 3 to 6 cm. long, obtuse, pale green; corolla pale yellow, funnel- 

 shaped; fruits partly united, 5 to 8 mm. long, bright red. 



The fruits have an insipid flavor; they vary greatly in size, and those of a pair 

 are usually very unequal. 



2. Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks. Black twinberry. Common at low 

 and middle altitudes and often about timber line, in deep or thin woods, along 

 streams, or on open slopes. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., Mich., and Que. (Distegia 

 involucrata Cockerell.) — -Shrub, about a meter high, usually with few simple stems- 

 leaves mostly ovate, 5 to 15 cm. long, hairy, acute; bracts in fruit large and wine; 

 colored; corolla yellow, short-hairy, the stamens slightly exserted; fruit dull black, 

 8 to 10 mm. long. 



The shrub is conspicuous in either flower or fruit, especially because of the hand- 

 some bracts. The fruit has an unpleasant flavor; it falls easily and does not remain 

 long upon the bushes. The shrub is known locally in Montana as skunkberry, 



83. VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family. 



1. VALERIANA L. Valerian. 



Erect perennial herbs, nearly glaljrous; leaves opposite, most of them pinnately 

 lobed or divided; flowers white or pinkish, in loose or dense cymes, the staminate 

 and pistillate flowers mostly on separate plants; calyx developing into hairy bristles; 

 corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed; stamens usually 3; fruit dry, achene-like. — The roots 

 have a strong peculiar odor which persists when they are dry. 



