414 CONTEIBUTIONS FKOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 



Corolla of the pistillate flower 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit about 4 mm. long. 



1. V. septentrionalis. 

 Corolla of the pistillate flower 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. long. 



2. V. sitchensis. 



1. Valeriana septentrionalis Rydb. Occasional on the east elope at low or middle 

 altitudes, in thickets or woods or on open slopes. B. C. to Nev., Que., and Lab. — 

 Plants 20 to 70 cm. high; lowest leaves usually entire, the others pinnate, the leaflets 

 lanceolate to oval, entire or toothed. 



2. Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Common in meadows above and near timber line, 

 and occasionally found at middle or even at low altitudes, on rock slides, along 

 brooks, or in moist woods or thickets. Alaska to Oreg., and Mont. (V. scouleri 

 Rydb.) — Plants 30 to 70 cm. high; leaflets 3 to 7, rounded-ovate to lanceolate, 2 to 7 

 cm. long, coarsely toothed to entire; corolla white or with a faint tinge of pink; 

 stamens exserted. 



A showy plant which blooms soon after the snow melts and continues in flower for a 

 longtime. V. sitchensis scouleri (liydh.) Piper is a form with nearly entire leaflets, 

 but all integrades are found between it and the typical form, which has coarsely 

 toothed leaflets. 



A hot drink made from this or other species was employed by the Blackfoot Indians 

 as a remedy for stomach affections. 



84. CAMPAIilULACEAE. Harebell Family. 

 1. CAMPANULA L. 



1. Campanula rotundifolia L. Harebell. Common at all altitudes, usually in thin 

 woods or on open slopes; frequent above timber line, even on rock slides. Alaska to 

 Calif., N. Mex., and N. J.; also in Eur. and Asia. (C petiolata A. DC.) — Perennial, 

 10 to 40 cm. high, very slender, nearly glabrous; basal leaves ovate or heart-shaped, 

 1 to 3 cm. long, toothed, slender-petioled; stem leaves linear; flowers few, in racemes, 

 slender-stalked, drooping; corolla bell-shaped, bluish purple, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; fruit 

 a capsule. 



A very beautiful and graceful plant, often growing among grasses. The plants 

 bloom all summer. Those of dry places often have very small corollas, 1 cm. long or 

 even shorter. This species is the "bluebells of Scotland." 



85. CICHORIACEAE. Chicory Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs with milky juice; leaves alternate, or sometimes all at the 

 base of the stem; flowers in heads as in the Asteraceae, but the flowers all with strap- 

 shaped corollas; stamens 5, the anthers united into a tube; fruit an achene, with 

 pappus of bristles at the apex. — By some authors this family is united with the 

 Asteraceae. 



Flower head one on each stem; stems naked. 

 Achenes 10-ribbed or 10-nerved, smooth; bracts unequal and overlapping; flowers 



yellow or bronze 1. AGOSERIS. 



Achenes 4 or 5-ribbed, rough with spinelike projections, at least near the apex; 

 main bracts equal in length, a few much shorter ones present at the base of the 



head; flowers yellow 2. LEONTODON. 



Flower heads few to many on each stem; stems leafy. 

 Achenes flattened; flowers blue or pale yellow; leaves usually lobed or with spiny 



teeth 3. LACTUCA. 



Achenes not flattened; flowers yellow or white; leaves usually entire or toothed, 

 rarely lobed, never with spiny teeth 4. SONCHTJS. 



