422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 



4. PYRROCOMA Nutt. 



Perennials with thick taproots; leaves alternate, usually with sharp teeth, thick" 

 heads 1 or few on each stem, with conspicuous or very small rays; bracts broad, over- 

 lapping; flowers yellow; pappus of yeUowish or brownish bristlep. 



Rays showy; leaves glabrous; heads about 1 cm. high 1. P. lanceolata. 



Rays hidden by the pappus; leaves finely hairy, at least at first; heads 1.5 to 5 cm. high, 



2. P. erythropappa. 



1. Pyrrocoma lanceolata (Hook.) Greene. Frequent about dried-up ponds on prairie 

 at east entrance.* B. C. to Wyo. and Nebr. — Stems numerous, 10 to 20 cm. high, 

 glabrous or nearly so; basal leaves oblanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, somewhat toothed; 

 bracts 1.5 to 2 mm. wide. 



2. Pyrrocoma erythropappa Rydb. Dry open slopes at east entrance. Idaho and 

 Mont. — Stems few, stout, 15 to 30 cm. high.; basal leaves oblanceolate or obovate, 

 usually entire, very thick; bracts 3 to 5 mm. wide, with a narrow thin border. 



5. SOLIDAGO L. Goldenrod. 



Low or tall perennials with rootstocks; leaves alternate, entire or toothed; heads 

 small, panicled, with short rays; flowers yellow; pappus of slender whitish bristles. 

 Stem leaves, at least most of them, sharply toothed; leaves mostly lanceolate. 



Leaves lanceolate, mostly 13 to 25 mm. wide; panicle usually broad and with long 



branches 1. S. serotina. 



Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mostly 5 to 12 mm. wide; panicle 



narrow, with short branches 2. S. elongata. 



Stem leaves all or mostly entire, sometimes with low rounded teeth; leaves mostly 

 oblanceolate. 

 Leaves very hairy on the stalks or on the margins near the base; plants of alpine 



or wet situations 3. S. ciliosa. 



Leaves not hairy on the margins near the base, or very inconspicuously so; plants 

 of low dry situations. 



Heads 6 to 7 mm. high 4. S. concinna. 



Heads 5 mm. high or less 5. S. missouriensis. 



1. Solidago seJotina Ait. Frequent at low altitudes, in low thickets or on open or 

 brushy slopes, sometimes in woods; on the west slope occasionally found also at 

 middle altitudes. B. C. to Colo., Ga., and Newf. — Stems stout, 0.5 to 1 meter high, 

 usually glabrous or nearly so, often tinged with red or purple; leaves 5 to 15 cm. long, 

 sessile, nearly glabrous but somewhat roughened on the veins beneath; heads about 

 5 mm. high. 



Some of the specimens referred here have nearly as small panicles as S. elongata, 

 but this is doubtless due to the fact that they grew in dry places. 



2. Solidago elongata Nutt. Frequent at low altitudes, in bogs, low thickets, or 

 deep woods, sometimes on open hillsides. B. C. to Calif., Nev., and Mont. — Stems 

 slender, 0.5 to 1 meter high, glabrous or nearly so, very leafy; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, 

 slightly roughened; heads about 5 mm. high. 



3. Solidago ciliosa Greene. Alpine goldenrod. Common above timber line, in 

 meadows or on rock slides; occasional at middle or even low elevations, on open 

 slopes or in woods or bogs. B. C. and Alta. to N. Mex. and Ariz.^Plants 5 to 30 cm. 

 high, the stems stout, glabrous below; lowest leaves oblanceolate, shallowly toothed, 

 glabrous, 2 to 7 cm. long, stalked; panicle narrow, usually dense; heads 5 to 7 mm. 

 high, the bracts acute. 



4. Solidago concinna A. Nels. Frequent on the east slope at low altitudes, on dry 

 open hillsides, in aspen woods, or rarely on stream banks. B. C. and Alta. to Colo. — 

 Stems stout, 20 to 50 cm. high, glabrous or nearly so; lowest leaves stalked, oblanceo- 

 late, 6 to 15 cm. long, entire or somewhat toothed, thick; bracts mostly acute. 



