STANDLEY FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 431 



2. Ambrosia elatior L. Common ragweed. A few plants along the railroad at 

 Belton; evidently introduced. Widely distributed in N. Amer. — Plants 0.3 to 1 

 meter high, with appressed or spreading hairs; leaves thin, divided into narrow lobes; 

 achenes with a few sharp spines. 



The pollen from this plant is one of the chief causes of hay fever. 



15. BALSAMORRHIZA Hook. 



1. Balsamorrhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Balsamroot. Frequent on the east 

 slope at low and middle altitudes, on dry open hillsides. B. C. to Calif., Colo., and 

 S. Dak.— Perennial, 30 to 60 cm. high, densely covered with close matted white hairs; 

 root very thick and resinous; leaves arrow-shaped or heart-shaped, erect, 10 to 30 cm. 

 long, long-stalked, entii'e or nearly so; flower stalk leafless, bearing a few showy heads, 

 the involucre 2.5 cm. broad, the yellow rays 2 to 3 cm. long. 



The Blackfoot Indians, like many other western tribes, are said to use the roots for 

 food. In some parts of the West in early days the white settlers also used the roots in 

 times of scarcity, and the plant is known in Utah as "Mormon biscuit." 



16. HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower. 



Annuals or perennials; leaves opposite or alternate, entire or toothed; heads large, 

 solitary or in corymbs, stalked, the bracts unequal and overlapping; pappus of 2 scales 

 or awns. 

 Plants annual; upper leaves conspicuously stalked; bracts 5 to 6 mm. wide. 



1. H. annuus. 

 Plants perennial; upper leaves sessile or nearly so; bracts 1.5 to 3 mm. wide. 

 Leaves ovate, the upper ones opposite; head usually one on each stem; central 



flowers of the head purplish brown 2. H. subrhomboideus. 



Leaves narrowly lanceolate, the upper ones alternate; central flowers yellow. 



3. H. fascicularis. 



1. Helianthus annuus L. Common sunflower. A few plants found on the east 

 slope along railroad and roadsides; evidently introduced. Wash, to Calif., Tex., and 

 Sask. {H. lenticularis Dougl.) — Plants 1 to 2 meters high or often lower, hairy; leaves 

 mostly alternate, broadly ovate, rough, toothed, long-stalked; heads 4 to 5 cm. broad. 



2. Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb. Dry shale slopes at east entrance. Man. 

 and Alta. to N. Mex. and Ark. — Plants 30 to 60 cm. high, with slender rootstocks; 

 stems hairy below, purplish; leaves 4 to 8 cm. loijg, most of them near the base of the 

 stem, short-stalked, very rough, entire or toothed; heads 1.5 to 2 cm. broad, the bracts 

 ovate, hairy on the margins. 



3. Helianthus fascicularis Greene. A few plants in dry soil near Many Glacier 

 Hotel; apparently introduced. Alta. and Sask. to N. Mex. and Ariz. — Stems 0.5 to 

 1 meter high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves 5 to 15 cm. long, rough, nearly entire, the 

 lower ones opposite; heads 2 to 3 cm. broad, the bracts linear. 



17. MADIA Molina. 



1. Madia glomerata Hook. Tarweed. Common on the east slope at low altitudes, 

 on prairie or open hillsides, often in cultivated ground and about dried-up ponds on 

 prairie. B. C. to Calif., N. Mex., and Sask. — Annual, 20 to 40 cm. high, hairy and very 

 sticky; leaves alternate, entire, linear; heads about 6 mm. high, the bracts inclosing 

 the achenes; flowers yellow, the rays very short, 3-lobed; pappus none. 



The plant has a strong and unpleasant odor. 



18. HYMENOXYS Cass. 



1. Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hook.) Cockerell. Collected on dry hills at east 

 entrance by Umbach. Sask. to Mont. — Perennial, 10 to 30 cm. high, usually in small 



