BOTANICAL SURA'EY— SUGAR GROVE REGION 259 



ECOLOGY 



As in all dissected countries the area is to be divided primarily 

 into lowland and upland (figs. 3, 4 and 5). These two divisions form the 

 basis of the human society which occupies the territory. There are low- 

 land farmers and upland farmers ; each community has its own set of 

 voads and travel tends to stav down if following' a vallev road and to 



Fig. 4. "Kunkle's Hollow."' 



Upland and Lowland Forests. 



Oak forest on the more sheltered west hillside (left) and pine forest on the more exposed 



east clifftop (right). Liriodendron forest in the ravine. 



keep u|> if on a ridge road. Tiie plant covering likewise is to be divided 

 primarily into lowland and upland forests, each of Avhich is naturally 

 .sub-divided into its component associations. In the case of both lowland 

 and upland forests, it will be most convenient to begin the description 

 with the extreme types and proceed to the less extreme, finally describ- 

 ing the intermediate associations which mark the transition from lowland 

 to upland. 



THE BOTTOM LANDS 



Of all the problems that confront one Avho is attempting to find 

 out the aboriginal condition of this country, none is so difficult as the 

 reconstruction of the vegetation of the bottom-lands along the large 

 streams. There is not a vestige left to suggest the original condition 



