BOTANICAL SUKYEY— SUGAR C4R0YE REGION 



299 



the opposite east bank there develops an association resembling closely 

 the upland forest, esi3ecially in the charactei' of its undergrowth. Typi- 

 cal examples are to be found in a branch of Brushy Fork, located in the 

 southwest 1/4 of section 9, Berne Twp., and in \hv hollow below Cant- 

 well Cliffs, at the head of Buck Run. 



On the west bank of such ravines the ground is covered with a 

 deep layer of leaf mold in which there is a rich development of 

 spring flowers, such as Trillium grandiflorum and Galeorchis spectahilis, 

 unless, as in the Brushy Fork ravine (fig. 28), the ground is too heavily 

 shaded. 



On the opposite slope, however (fig. 29), the undergrowth comes 

 to be made up largely of plants characteristic of the extreme upland 

 forest, such as : 



Kalmia latifolia ■ Bieracium venosum 



Vaccinium vacilans Viola Jiirsittula 



Gmiltheria procumbens Foliitncum sp. 



Epigaea repeiis Chidonia sp. 



Gaylosaecia haccata Tuft-forming Hypnums 



Fig. 29. East Bank of Ravine Shown in Fig. 28. Note Absence of Leaves and Saplings. 



It is clear at a glance that the more commonly considered ecological 

 factors must be closely similar on the opposite sides of such ravines. 

 Since the axis is north and south the light received on the two sides 

 must be equivalent and there can be but slight difference in the amount 

 of rainfall. The soil being residual derived from the weathering of the 



