Grebes and Loons 



I. Western Grebe; Swan Grebe (SEchmophorus oc- 

 cidetttalis). L. 26. Ads., summer. Crown and hind- 

 neck black; back grayish brown; sides of head and un- 

 der parts white. Winter. Crown and hindneck like 

 back. Notes. A loud, rattling, grating whistle. 



Range. — Western North America: in summer eastward to Shoal 

 Lake. Manitoba; northward to southern Alaska; breeds locally from 

 northern California and North Dakota northward; winters from British 

 Columbia to central Mexico. 



7. Loon (Gavia imber). L. 32. Ads., summer. 

 Above, including whole neck, glossy black; throat and 

 neck with white streaks; back and wings with white 

 spots or bars; belly white. Winter Above blackish 

 margined with grayish; no white spots; below white. 

 Notes. A loud, maniacal laugh. 



Range. — Northern hemisphere; in North America, breeds from 

 Maine, northern Illinois, Minnesota, and northern California north to 

 Greenland and Alaska; winters from about southern limit of breeding 

 range south to Gulf of Mexico, chiefly on coasts. 



8. Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii). L. 36. 

 Similar to No. 7, but larger and bill yellowish or whitish. 

 Notes. Similar to those of No. 7, but harsher. (Murdoch.) 



Range.— "Arctic America west of Hudson Bay, and northern Asia; 

 asual in njrthern Europe." (A. O. U.) 



9. Black-throated Loon {Gavia arctica). L. 27; 

 W. 12. Ads., summer. Foreneck and back bluish 

 black; throat, neck, and back streaked or barred with 

 white; crown and nape gray; belly white. Winter. 

 Similar to No. 7, but smaller. Notes. A dismal "too- 

 too-e-e." (Turner.) 



Range. — Northern part of northern hemisphere; in America breeds 

 from Hudson Bay north to Arctic coast; winters south to British Col- 

 umbia, the Great Lakes and, casually, to Long Island. 



10. Pacific Loon (Gavia pacified). Similar to No. 

 9, but foreneck in summer reflecting deep blue or green; 

 hindneck paler; smaller, W. 1 1. Notes. A harsh "kok, 

 kok,kok." (Murdoch.) 



Range.— Western North America; breeds at Point Barrow, Alaska, 

 and eastward; winters south along Pacific Coast to Mexico. 



11. Red-throated Loon (Gavt a lumme). L. 25. Ads., 



summer. Foreneck chestnut, head and neck ashy. 

 Winter. Similar to No. 7, in winter, but back spotted 

 with white. Notes. A harsh "gr-r ga, gr-r, gr-r-ga, 

 gr-r." (Nelson.) 



Range.— Northern part of northern hemisphere; in North America 

 breeds from New Brunswick to Greenland and Hudson Bay, and 

 northwest to Alaska; winters south to South Carolina and southern 

 California. 



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