Gulls 



58. Laughing Gull (Larus ; atricilla). L. 16. Ads. , 

 summer. Head dark slate; tail white; bill with red- 

 dish. Ads., winter. Similar, but head and throat 

 white with grayish on nape and behind eyes. Yng. 

 Tail grayish with a broad black band; nape and back 

 ashy brown; forehead and under parts white. Notes. 

 A nasal cow-ow, also cuk-cuk-cuk, and a high, long- 

 drawn laugh. 



Range. — Eastern North America; breeds from Texas and Florida to 

 Maine and Nova Scotia; rare in interior; winters from South Carolina 

 to northern South America. 



59. Franklin Gull (Larus franklini). L. 15. Ads. , 

 summer. Breast with a rosy tinge; outer primaries with 

 wide black spaces near ends, bordered at base and tip 

 with white. Ads., winter. "Head mainly white, with 

 [its] sides and back grayish dusky." Yng. "Top and 

 sides of head and back grayish brown; quills dusky, 

 tipped with white; tail with subterminal band of dusky; 

 rest of tail, under parts, forehead, and eyelids white." 

 (Bailey.) 



Range, — Interlorof North America; breeds from Iowa and Minneso- 

 ta northward to Great Bear Lake; winters from west Gulf States to 

 South America. 



60. Bonaparte Gull [Larus Philadelphia). L. 14. 

 Ads., summer. Outer web of outer primaries and tip 

 black; inner web and shaft white; bill black. Ads. , "win- 

 ter. Similar, but throat and head white, its back 

 grayish. Yng. Tail white, tipped with black; outer 

 primary black, inner two-thirds of inner web and space 

 near tip white; rest of plumage much as in young of No. 

 58. 



Range. — North America; breeds In interior from Hudson Bay and 

 Manitoba west to the Yukon; winters from British Columbia and 

 Maine to Lower California and Gulf of Mexico. 



■61. Ross Gull (Rhodostethia rosea) L. 13.5. Bill 

 small, .7; middle tail feathers longest. Ads., summer. 

 White areas tinged with pink; a black collar. Ads., 

 winter. No collar; a bl?ck spot before eye. Yng. 

 Lesser coverts black, margined with whitish; tail 

 white, central feathers tipped with black; back pearl; 

 ear spot and space about eye dusky; crown white, 

 washed with pearl. 



Range.— "Arctic regions; south in autumn and winter to Kamchat- 

 ka, Point Barrow, Alaska and Disco Bay, Greenland." (A. O. U.) 



62. Sabine Gull (Xema sabinit). L. 14. Tail 

 slightly forked. Ads. , summer. Head and throat 

 slaty black, margined behind with black; bill black, 

 tipped with yellow; outer primaries black, small tip and 

 inner half of inner web white. Ads., winter. Similar, 

 but head and throat white; nape region dusky. Yng. 

 Tail white, tipped with black; crown and back ashy 

 brown; forehead and underparts white. Notes. 'A 

 single harsh grating note." (Nelson.) 



Range — Arctic regions; breeds in America from St. Michaels, 

 Alaska and Melville Bay, Greenland, northward; winters south on At- 

 lantic coast, rarely to New York; casually to Texas, and on Pacific 

 coast to Peru. 



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