Grouse and Ptarmigan 



300. Ruffed Grouse; 'Partridge;' 'Pheasant' (Bon- 

 ata umbellus). L. 17. Ad. tf. Prevailing color 

 above rusty brown; tail rusty or gray. Ad. $. Sim- 

 ilar but neck-tufts smaller. Notes. The male pro- 

 duces a drummmg sound by rapidly beating its wings; 

 the female utters a cluck and when defending her brood, 

 a singular low whining sound. 



Range.— Eastern United States from Minnesota, southern Ontario, 

 southern New Hampshire and southern Vermont, south to Virginia 

 and along the Alleghanies to Georgia; west to northwestern Arkansas. 



300a. Canadian Ruffed Grouse (B, u. togata). 



Similar to No. 300, but slightly grayer above; tail 

 generally gray; bars on breast and belly darker and 

 better defined. 



Range. — Spruce forests of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Maine 

 northern New Hampshire, northern Vermont and south to higher 

 mountains of Massachusetts and northern New York; west to easiern 

 slope of coast ranges of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia: 

 north to James Bay. 



300b. Gray Ruffed Grouse (B. u. umbelloides). 



Similar to No. 300a, but grayer; prevailing color of 

 upper-parts, including crown, gray; tail always gray. 



Range.— Rocky Mountains, from Colorado north to latitude 65 In 

 Alaska, east to Mackenzie and poplar woods of western Manitoba. 



300c. Oregon Ruffed Grouse (B. u. sabini) Sim- 

 ilar to No. 300, but much darker, prevailing color of 

 upper parts rusty brown; tail always rusty brown. 



Range. — Pacific coast ranges from Cap? Mendocino, California, 

 north to British Columbia. 



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