Perching; Birds Marked With Chestnut or Reddish Brown 



596. Black-headed Grosbeak (Zamelodia melano' 

 cephala). L. 8.1. Ad. rj\ Black; neck-ring, rump, 

 back-streaks and underparts bright cinnamon; center 

 of belly and under wing-coverts yellow; patch in wing, 

 wing-bars and tips of inner vanes of outer tail-feathers 

 white. In winter tipped with brown above and on 

 breast below with black spots. Ad. 9- Under wing- 

 coverts yellow as in cf; above as in No. 595; below 

 less streaked, breast buff. Yng. <$. Like 9 but 

 breast deeper buff; few streaks below; sides of crown 

 blacker. Notes. Call and song like those of the Rose- 

 breasted Grosbeak, but the latter more fluent. 



Range. — Western United States, east to the Plains; breeds from 

 Mexico north to Dakota and British Columbia; winters south of 

 United States into Mexico. 



76 1. American Robin {Mania migratoria) . L. 10; 

 W. 4.9; T. 3.8. Outer tail-feathers with white tips. 

 Ad. <j\ Breast and belly rich rust-brown; above dark 

 slaty, head and spots in back black. Ad. 9- Similar 

 but paler below, little or no black above. Winter. 

 Underparts margined with whitish; black above more 

 or less concealed by ashy. Notes. Calls, varied and 

 characteristic; song, a loud, hearty, cheer-up cheerily, 

 cheerily, cheerily, repeated and varied. 



Range. — Eastern North America, west to the Rockies, northwest to 

 Alaska; breeding south to Virginia and, in the mountains, Georgia; 

 winters from northern States southward. 



761a. Western Robin (At. m. propinqua) . Similar 

 to No. 761, but no white tips to tail-feathers. Ad. rj. 

 Without black spots in back. 



Range. — Western United States, from the eastern base of the Rocky 

 Mountains west to the Pacific; breeds from the southern end of the 

 Mexican tableland north to British Columbia; winters from Oregon 

 and southern Colorado southward. 



76 1b. Southern Robin (M. m. achrustera). Simi- 

 lar to No. 761, but smaller and in general much lighter 

 and duller; W. 4.7; T. 3.5. (Batchelder.) 



Range. — Carolinas and Georgia except mountainous districts, 

 lowlands of Virginia. 



762. St. Lucas Robin (Merttla confims). Resemb- 

 ling No. 761 in plan of coloration but everywhere 

 much paler; breast and belly buff; no black in head. 



Range. — Cape Region of Lower California. 



763. Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naemis). L. 10; W. 



4.7. Ad. o 71 . Below rust-brown, belly whiter, a 

 broad black breast-band; above slaty, line behind eye 

 and bars in wing rusty; outer tail-feathers with white 

 tips. In winter washed with brownish above; breast 

 band with rusty* Ad. 9 • Paler below, breast-band 

 faintly indicated; above washed with brownish. Notes. 

 Song, a weird vibrant, long-drawn whistle repeated 

 on different notes. 



Range.— Pacific coast from higher mountains of northern California 

 north to Alaska; south in winter along the coast. 



763a. Pale Varied Thrush ( /. n. meruloides).. Sim- 

 ilar to No. 763, but wing longer, 5.IJ 9 paler and 

 grayer. (Grinnell.) 



Range. — Interior of British Columbia north to north Alaska; south 

 n winter, through interior, to southern California. 



207 



