116 BIRDS OF NEW ENGLAND AND EASTERN NEW YORK 



The call-note is a rather rough lisp ; it is constantly heard 

 from the trees in autumn, and is the sound heard most fre- 

 quently at night as the birds migrate southward. 



The male Black-poll Warbler may be told from the Black 

 and White Warbler (see Fig. 25, p. 129) by its plain black 

 caj), and by its very different manner of feeding. The 

 former hops from one small twig to another, while the lat- 

 ter climbs along the large limbs in the manner described 

 on p. 129. The female is harder to identify ; one must look 

 for the white wing-bars and the dull streaking along the 

 sides. In the fall the young Black-polls and the adults in 

 winter plumage are very abundant and should be looked for 

 and carefully studied. Their upper parts have a greenish 

 tinge when seen in strong light ; they are yellowish below 

 and have white wing-bars. They have a way of twitching 

 their tails, but it is a slight nervous action, different from 

 the deliberate sweep of the Yellow Red-poll. (See also 

 next species.) 



Bay-breasted Warbler. Dendroica castanea 

 5.63 



Ad. $. — Top of head chestnut, bordered in front and on the 

 side with black ; back streaked with black ; throat, breast, and 

 sides chestnut ; sides of neck and rest of under parts huffy ; wing- 

 bars white. Ad. 9 • — Upper parts olive, streaked with black ; 

 uuder parts huffy ; sides of breast tinged with reddish-brown. 

 J m% $ . — Similar to ad. 9 ; flanks with a tinge of reddish-brown. 

 / w# £ . — Upper parts olive-green, usually unstreaked ; flanks 

 usually without tinge of reddish-brown ; under parts buffy. 



Nest, in coniferous trees, fifteen to twenty feet from the 

 ground. Eggs, white, tinged with greenish, and finely speckled 

 about the larger end with brown. 



The Bay-breasted Warbler, as a migrant, is not uncom- 

 mon in the Hudson Valley and in western Massachusetts, 

 but is generally very rare in eastern New England, where 

 it occurs, as a rule, only when there is an unusually heavy 



