8io REPORT OF THE FLORA 



C. sulcata, Nutt. (Thick Shell-bark. Hickory.) Large tree reaching the 

 height of 80 feet, the fruit is much larger than the fruit of C. Alba. It is not com- 

 mon in this region, and has undoubtedly sprung from seed brought from the West. 

 The wood and bark is much like those of C. Alba. 



C. tomeniosa, Nutt. (White-heart Hickory. Bull-nut.) A large tree, nuts 

 with very thick shells. Wood with straight grain, splits well, and makes good fuel. 



C. porcina, Nutt. (Pig-nut. Broom Hickory.) The fruit, not desirable. 

 The wood is lough, and is used for axe and hammer handles, foi hubs and spokes of 

 wagon wheels. A large tree sometimes reaching the height of 100 feet, common. 



C. amara. Nutt. (Bitter-nut or Swamp Hickory.) Large tree, reaching 40 to 

 60 feet in height ; wood not valuable for timber, though it makes good fuel. The 

 fruit has a thin shell and is bitter, common. 



Order 102.— CUPULIFER^. (Oak Familjr.) 



Q,t^erci\s, L. (Oak.) 



GL. alba. L. (White Oak.) A large tree reaching the height of 75 feet, or 

 more; and not unfrequently attains a diameter of 6 feet. A very valuable tree on 

 account of the durability of its wood, common. 



Q,. obtusiioba, Mx. (Post-oak or Box White-oak.) Small tree, wood hard 

 and durable, used for axe and pick handles, also for fence posts. 



Q,. macrocarpa, Mx. (Bur-oak. Mossy-cup. White-oak.) A middle sized 

 tree, 40 to 50 high, forms symetrical head. Have not seen this tree in these limits, 

 and put it dow n on the authority of Dr. Fisher, of Sing Sing. 



Q,. bicolor, Willd. (Swamp White-oak.) A fine tree, reaching the height of 

 70 feet. Its wood furnishes durable timber and excellent fuel. 



Q,. Prinos, L. (Chestnut-oak.) Straight growmg tree of middle size in these 

 limits; the wood makes excellent fuel. 



Far. acuminata, Mx. (Yellow Chestnut Oak.) Leaves like those of the 

 chestnut tree. A middle sized tree in these limits ; wood soft, used for fuel. 



Q,. coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Large tree, wood makes good fuel ; and 

 the bark much used in tanning leather. 



Far. tinctoria. (Yellow Bark Oak, Black Oak.) Large tree reaching some- 

 times to the height of lOO feet when growing in the forest. Wood used for fuel and 

 the bark for tanning. 



Q,. rubra, L. (Red Oak.) Large tree, coarse grained, used for fuel. 



Q,. palustris, Du Roi. (Pin Oak, Spanish Oak, Water Oak.) Wet grounds ; 

 reaching the height of 50 feet or more in these limits, and three to four feet m diam- 

 eter ; timber hard and close, difficult to split. 



Castanea, Tourn. (Chestnut.) 



C. ve.-c.i. L. woods and fence rows. Common. A large tree, valued on ac- 

 count of its excellent fruit and durable timber ; much used for fencing, and in late 

 years, largely for cabinet work ; the grain is coarse, but takes a good polish ; 

 reac'iies the height of go feet. 



