471 



Besides these most of the woody vegetation of the region, as: 



litis val2)itia, frost grape. r<irthenorixniiiiqi(in(iiiefolia,yii^hua, 



Fopulus deltoides, cottouwood. creeper. 



I'lmiis aiiiericaiia, ohii. Acer vegundo, l)ox elder. 



Prunns rirg'uiiaiia, chokecheriy. Primus americana, plum. 



Fraxinits petnisj/lranica hinceolata, f-yaxinus 2><-'>insyJi'anica, red ash. 



greeu :isli. Salix cordaia, willow. 



(^Kerens macrocarpa. bui' oak. Posa woodnii, rose. 



Salix Jlnriatilis, willow. Ci'Uis occidcntalis, haekberry. 



Ostnjd virgiiiiami, irouwood. Celastrns Kccuidens, woody bitter- 

 ('ratagus macnintha, hawthorn. sweet. 



The last two in eaeli eoluuin are local, having been observed only at 

 one station each, viz, at lvai)id (Mty, Hot Springs, Herniosa, and Pied- 

 mont, respectively. The foHowing have <lescended from the Black Hills 

 proper. 



Orowiug in canyons: 



PopHlusiremiiloides,<{\vA\i\niX,iis\'>f\\. Sulix hehhiaua. willow. 



Cornus haileyi, dogwood. PopuJus angiittiifolia. black cottou- 



Bcrheris aquifoUinn, Oregon graj)!'. wood. 



On the hills: 



Pivux patiderosd scoptilornin, Kocky Mountain yellow pine. 



The following woody i^lants may be regarded as belonging to the 

 region itself, that is, to the flora of the high ])lains and foothills: 



Jiiiiiperiia rirginiaiia, red cedar. Pihes cereiim, s(iuaw currant. 



Primus deminsii, western choke- Pibes aureum, buffalo currant. 



cherry. It'oxii arkfuisaiia, prairie rose. 

 Phiis trilohala, skunk Ijrush. 



As objects of i)eculiar interest seen in this region may be mentioned 

 a shrul) of skunk brnsh, which had stems 3 meters liigli and one deci- 

 meter in diameter, a cottonwood that measured over 0.5 meters in cir- 

 cnmference, l.o meters above giound, and had a branch below that 

 height nearly _! meters around, and another cottouwood on which all 

 the leaves had a cuneate base. Popnivs acinninala was also redis- 

 covered near Hot Springs. 



l^ifferently from the Black Hills ]»roper the footliills are not co\ered 

 by forest. Some of tliem are crowned by scattered i)incs mixed with a 

 few cedars. The hills as well as the valleys are generally covered Avith 

 gras.s. The i)rin<;ii)al grasses ai'e: 



lioiitflona oligoilucln/a. JiuUiiiiH darti/loidcx. 



liinitelonn hirsutn. Carex filifoliu. 



Koleria rristalK. Aiuhopof/ou xcoiiariux. 

 Calamorilfu linu/ij'nlia . 



With the exception of the last in ea(;h column the.y furnish good 

 winter as well as summer pasture^. The (tattle and horses generally 

 ''range" the year around, and are often not given any hay except dur- 

 ing snowstorms or other bad weather. The first four jtlants mentioned 

 become self-cured during the dry season and are as good as hay. On 



