476 



Of shrubs were observed: 



SitUx hvhhiana. SaJix discolor. 



JiibL'8 cereiim. Juiiijienin commniiin. 



i:<h('2>hir(Ua caHadcnsin. EJcaijnua arijciitta. 

 CcaiiothiiK fendlcri. 



The Ceanotlius lias liitherto been reported only from southern Colo- 

 ra(l() and southward. 



Other remarkable plants were: 



Epilobium hornemanli. Balaamorhiza nayiltala. 



IJclianthi'Ua (jitnniKcuervis. Frasera spechmu. 



AxtrtKjaliis vouvallarius. Epilobium dniiinnondii. 



I'llhia brvweri. Lupinun ncriccun. 



all irom a more western or southern ranj^e. 



To me this region looked as i)romisiug as any in the lilaek Hills for 

 agricultural purposes. As said before, the valleys were excellent hay 

 lands. The grasses were about the same as those around Custer. The 

 dryer valleys and the woods would furnish enough of summer pasture. 

 During the winter the stock must be fed with hay as the snowfall is 

 very heavy. Sometime after I had visited the region I heard that this 

 was the i)rincipal reason why many of the si^uatters had left the region. 

 The soil was a black loam contaiDing a considerable amount of lime, 

 the valleys were less rough than those of the parks of the preceding 

 region and could easily be made into lields. 



NOUTHKKN UlLLS. 



The Northern Kills, notwithstanding their great height, look more 

 like hills than mountains. Even the highest, as Terrys Peak, Custers 

 I'eak, etc., are covered with woods to the top. The larger part of the 

 region is the northern half of the Archa-au formation. As said before 

 this is comi)osed of (•omi)aratively soft slates and schists. The rivers 

 have worn out deej) canyons, many volcanic eruptions have thrown up 

 cones of igneous rocks, and the remainders here and there of the broken 

 strata of Potsdam sandstone and Carboniferous limestone make the 

 country more uneven. The woody llora resembles that of the Harney 

 liange, Init the piue is more predominant. The elm is lacking in this 

 region and theoiik is <-onlined to the foothills and neighboring canyons. 

 The following shrubs and climbers may be added. 



Ceanothus uvatuH. J'ibiiniiiin Iculai/o. 



I'olviitilla fruticomi. Louin-ru hirsuin i/laiircaceus. 



Vitin rnlpintt. rarlliviiocintiioi qiiiiiqHt/olia. 



'i'he whole region seems to have been one large pine forest; but now 

 large tracts are made bare by the ravages of lumbernuMi, niining com- 

 l)anies, (ire, an<l cyclones, nothing being left but stumps, fallen logs, 

 and the underbrush, 'i'he second forest will consist of deciduous trees, 

 as asjuMi, willows, birch, and clierry. The mining resources of the JIdls, 

 esx)ccially around Lead City and Deailwood, are well known. The 



