477 



Black ITills and Fort Pierre Eailroad was built by the Homestake 

 Milling- Company, principally for the purpose of transporting- wood and 

 lumber to their mines and stamp mills, and other roads have been built 

 by other companies. Sawmills are scattered all over the Hills, and it 

 will be no wonder if in a short time the dark pine forest is gone and 

 the name "Black Hills" has become meaningless. 



The valleys of this region are very narrow, and in that small part in 

 which I collected, little of their natural condition was left. The Elk 

 Canyon in many places was just wide enough to give room for the creek 

 and the railroad. The nearly perpendicular sides were as much as 200 

 to 300 meters high. Around Lead City and Deadwood railroads and 

 wagon roads wind through the narrow valleys, and the small patches 

 of grass left are well cropped down by the town cows. At Rochford 

 only I found a good meadow. The grasses were the same as in the 

 other regions of the hills, but the blue grasses were more common. 

 The following- grasses may be mentioned as of special interest: 



Oryzopsis micrantha. Arena striata. 



Bromus pumjjeJlianus. ^h/miis dasi/stachys. 



from Elk Canyon. 



Calamagrofitis Ri/lvatica americava. Agropi/ron riolarenm majus. 



Fanicum depanperaium. Festuca orino. 



from the neighborhood of Lead City. 



The Northern Hills, especially the canyons, contain more Eastern as 

 well as Western plants than any other part of the hills. Among those 

 not given in Coulter's Manual, which is supposed to cover all the terri- 

 tory west of the one hundredth meridian, are: 



Viola scahriiiscxda. Folygala senega latifolia. 



Lathyriis ochrohueus. Nainnhurqia thyrsifiora. 



TelragonanthuH deflexus. Lappula deflexa americana. 

 LappuJa rirginiana. 



Of Western plants were found : 



Thalietrum ocddentale. Thalictnim roinlosum . 



Claylonia perfoliain ampleclens. Lupitius parvijlonts. 



Lnpiniis serircus {^). Spiraa c(vspitosa. 



Politililla gUntdnlosa. Heuchera jxtrrifolia. 



Epilohium drnmmondii. Osviorrhiza iiuda. 



Arnica vordi/olia. Arnica alpina. 



Hieracinm fendleri. Vacciniitm myrdUits microphylhim. 



Frasera spe.ciosa. Mertensia sihirica. 



MimuhiH Inteus. Calochortus gnnnisoni. 



Potentilla hnmifusa. I^esquereUa spatulata. 



Among tlie most interesting finds was a patch of caraway, Carum 

 mrui, which I found in the wilderness '> or 4 miles north of Deadwood. 

 Perhaps some (lerman or Scandinavian gold hunter liad happened to 

 drop a piece of ohl country cheese spiced with the customary caraway 

 seed, and hence the patch. 



