48 



SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1916. 



• rati", the teeth increasing slightly in size distail. 

 Petiole short and stout, about 2.5 millimeters 

 in length. Midrib of medium size, relatively 

 thin and flexuous. Secondaries thin, 10 to 

 12, subopposite to alternate, m rather irregu- 

 larly s])aced pairs; they diverge from the 

 midrib at angles varymg from about 7.5° near 

 the base to 30° near the tip, averaging about 

 50°; they pursue a rather straight cras]>edo- 

 drome course and near then- ti])s give oil: one 

 or • two outwardly directed tertiaries, which 

 run to the teeth or to the smuses. 



This well-marked s^iecies of I'hnus apjjears 

 to have been common during Almn Bluff 

 time and constitutes the one strictly temperate 

 element in the Alum Bluff' flora. Among ex- 

 isting sjjecies it is most similar to JJlmus alata 

 Michaux, which ranges from western I lorida 

 northward to Vh'gmia and from Texas to 

 Illinois. Like U. alata,' the fossil species was 

 probably an inhabitant of rich alluvial swamp 

 and stream borders, for it seems ])robable that 

 the fossiliferous lens in the Alum Bluff sands 

 is the result of stream action. Among fossil 

 'species, of which many have been described, 

 it bears more or less resemblance to a number 

 of widely scattered forms, especially because 

 the lunits of variation of the foliage among 

 ■different species of Ulmxis are not wide. The 

 most similar fossil form is TJlmus longlfoUa, de- 

 scribed by Unger ' and subsequently I'ecorded 

 from the Aquitanian of Bohemia, Germany, 

 Styria, and France, wliich is extremely close 

 to the iVmerican species. 



The genus Ulmus may be distuiguished from 

 the allied genus Caiiiinus by the usually more 

 inequilateral leaves and by the tertiaries to 

 the marginal sinuses. 



Occmrence: Ilattiesbm'g clay, Raglan, For- 

 rest County, Miss, (collected by E. W. Beriy). 

 Alum Bluff formation. Alum Bliiff, Liberty 

 County, Lla. (collected by E. W. Berry). 



Collection: United States National Museum. 



Order URTICALES. 



Family MOKACE.5:. 



Genus ARTOCARPTJS Fdrster. 



Artocarpus lessigiana floridana Berry, n. var. 



Plate X, figures 5-7. 



Leaves of large size, rather smaller than the 

 type, but very ])oorly preserved in the cur- 

 rent-bedded sands. At least 25 centimeters in 



1 Unger, Franz, Chloris protogaea, p. 101, pi. 26, flg. 5, 1S47. 



length and about 13 centimeters in maxunum 

 width, thiLs more narrowly oblong in general 

 outline than the tyjie. Pinnately S to 10 

 lobed; the lobes short, relatively broad and 

 conical, acutely pointed and directed obliquely 

 outwi.rd, separated by veiy naiTow sinuses. 

 Midrib stout. Lateral jjrimaries stout, diverg- 

 mg from the midrib at angles of about 45°, 

 one to each lobe, terminating in its tip. 

 Secondaries alternatmg with the ])rimaries, 

 one to each sinus, the latter with the charac- 

 teristic marghial hem. Tertir.rios mostly ob- 

 solete. ^Vrcolation quadrangular where seen. 

 Texture coriaceous. There was evidently con- 

 siderable variation in outline, for the basal 

 portion of the leaf sho^v^l in figm'e 6 has a 

 cuneate base and must have had strongly 

 ascendmg lobes. 



This fonn is based on very fragmentary 

 specimens from the Alum Bluff sands. It 

 may lie distinguished from Artocarpus lessigiana 

 by its relatively nairower form and its finer 

 venation. The latter comes from the Wilcox 

 group, a much earlier horizon, and has not 

 been found in the inter\-ening inten'al, repre- 

 sented by the Claiborne, Jackson, Vicksbui^, 

 and Catahoida deposits. I have a feeling that 

 the Alum Bluff' material represents a new 

 species, but I hesitate to set up a species on 

 such fragmentary material, which is. however, 

 the best obtauiable by the most careful col- 

 lecting. 



Remains of Ai'tocarj^us have been found m 

 Europe, Greenland, and the United States. 

 In this country we have the Laramie-Denver 

 tyjie, which is considered the parent stock of 

 the present variety. This t,ype and two 

 other species are represented in the late Wil- 

 cox of Louisiana and Ai'kansas by excellent 

 material. There is a Fort Union species and 

 another Eocene form on the Pacific coast. 

 In Europe several species range from the 

 LTpper Cretaceous to the Pliocene. 



There are about 40 existing species of Arto- 

 carpus, all endemic in the southeastern Asiatic 

 region, ranging from Ceylon tlu-oughout Malay- 

 sia to Cliina and represented by cultivated 

 forms in all tropical countries. They appar- 

 ently did not become extinct in North America 

 until the interval between the deposition of the 

 Alum Bluff formation and the migi-ation of the 

 Chesapeake Miocene fauna into the Florida 

 region, a migration indicating a lowering of 



