66 



SHOBTEE COXTEIBUTIOXS TO GENERAL GEOLOfiY, 1016. 



Gulf flora along the Coastal Plain and a soutli- 

 wai'd migrat ion of a marine shaUow-water fauna 

 in the opposite direction along the coast, but 

 both floral and faunal evidence are in accord. 

 In this connection it is of interest to caU 

 attention to the fact that five of the Calvert 

 plants occur m the late Eocene or Oligoccne 

 of western Greenland, in latitude 70° N. TliLs 

 Arctic flora I believe to. be contemporaneous 

 with those more southern floras of the late 

 Eocene (Jackson) or early Oligocene (Catahoula 

 and Vicksburg) which are most tropical in their 

 facies. It seems also to be established that 

 with the gradual lowering of temperatures 

 during later Tertiary time this circumpolar 

 flora spread southward over North America 

 and Eurasia. 



PROBABLE AGE. 



Seven of the Calvert plants, or 26.9 per cent, 

 are common to the Tortonian of Europe, and 

 ten othei-s, or 38 per cent, are represented in 

 the Tortonian by very similar forms. In view 

 of tlie fact that these floras spread into both 

 regions from a common and equally accessible 

 source, as I haye just stated, the evidence that 

 the Calvert flora indicates a Tortonian age is as 

 conclusive as intercontinental correlations can 

 ever be. Compared with other American floras 

 of Miocene age, that of the Calvert has little in 

 common with the described Miocene floras from 

 Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, or Cahfornia, which 

 are all lake or river vaUey floras of moist up- 

 land forest types. 



CONCLUSIONS. 



The Calvert flora was a coastal flora of strik- 

 ingly warm-temperate affinities, comparable 

 with the existing coastal floras of Soutli Caro- 

 lina and Georgia along the south Atlantic coast 

 or with those along the coast of the Gulf of 

 Mexico from western Florida to eastern Texas. 

 The general climatic features it indicates are 

 in accord with those which may be legitimately 

 deduced from the evidence of the marine 

 faunas. The climate of the Chesapeake Miocene 

 epoch, cooler undoubtedly than that of the 

 Apalachicola or preceding epochs, was neither 

 cold nor cool temperate. 



The age indicated by the Calvert flora is 

 middle Miocene, or in terms of European 

 geology Tortonian. 



NEW SPECIES OF PL.4NTS. 



Class GYMNOSPERMiE. 

 Order CONIFERALES. 



Family PINACE.ffi. 

 Genus PINUS Linne. 



Pinus sp. 

 Plate XII, figure 1. 



A somewhat macerated seed of Pinus of the 

 Pinus txda ty])e occius at Good Hope Hill. 

 The material is insufficient for characterization. 



Pinus txda Linne ranges from Delaware 

 southward along the coast to Texas and extends 

 up the Mississippi Valley to Temiessee and 

 Arkansas. 



Class ANGIOSPERMjE. 



Order FAGALES. 



Family FAGACE.S:. 



Genus QUERCTTS Linne. 



Quercus chapmanifolia Berry, n. sp. 



Plate XI. figures 1.2. 



Leaves small, oV>long-ol)ovate in general out- 

 Ime, with a rounded apex and a wide or nar- 

 rowly cuneate, ultimately slightly rounded 

 base. Length from 27 to 4.5 millimeters: maxi- 

 mum widtli, at or above the middle, from 14 

 to 30 millimeters. Margms entire, slightly 

 undulate. The lateral margins ascend to or 

 above the midtUe, where they curve to form 

 irregular and unequaUy developed rounded 

 lobes subtending usually shallow and open 

 rounded sinuses. A second short and broadl}' 

 rounded lobe may be developed, usually ou 

 only one side, in the apical region. Petiole 

 short and stout enlarged proximatl, 2 to 3 miUi- 

 meters in length. Midrib stout, usual!}- curved 

 or flexuous, prominent on the lower surface of 

 the leaf. Secondaries of varying caliber de- 

 pendent on the extent to which lobes are de- 

 veloped; in the prominently lobed specimen 

 shown in figure 2 a subopposite pair are stout 

 and prominent ou the lower surface of the leaf, 

 where tlie lobation is feeble, as in figure 4. The 

 secondaries are thin. Tliere are as many cras- 

 pedodrome secondaries as there are lobes — two 

 or three to a leaf; the rest of the secondaries 

 are camptodrome; all are somewhat irregularly 

 spaced and rather straight in their courses, 



