Climate of Middle Illinois. 37 



EOADSIDES, WASTE PLACES, PASTURES AND 

 CULTIVATED SOIL. 



Of roadsides, wastes places in the neighborhood of houses and yards, 

 mostly immigrated plants took possession, but some of the indigenous 

 ones kept their places: Lepidium virginicum, Mollugo verticillata, Erigeron 

 canadense, Ambj'osia artemisiaefolia, Dysodia chrysanthemoides, Bidens 

 frondosa, Erechtides hieracifolia, Artemisia biennis, Verbena stricta, urtici- 

 folia and bracteosa, Solanum carolinense. Datura Tatula, Polygonum 

 avicnlare and erectum, hydropiper and pennsylvanicum, Hordeum pratensc 

 and Eragrostis pectinacea. 



On pastures prevail Trifolium repens, Poa pratensis and compressa; 

 and on sandy places Cyperus filiculrais, Vilfa aspera and vaginaeflora, Pa- 

 nicura autumnale. 



Along fences many tall plants are preserved: Napaea dioica, Gaura 

 biennis, Oenothera biennis, Ambrosia trifida, Helianthus gj-osseserratus 

 and doronicoides, Lactuca canadensis and Asclepias cornuti. 



The indigenous weeds between the cultivated plants are: Sisymbrium 

 canescens, Potentilla norvegica, Erigeron annuum, Xanthium canadense, 

 Veronica peregrina, Ipomoea pandurata, Physalis virginiana and lanco- 

 lata, Chenopodium album and hybridum, Euphorbia maculataand hyperici 

 folia, Panicum capillare and crus galli, Cenchrus tribuloides. 



IMMIGKATED PLANTS. 



Before this country was settled by our race, at the time when the red 

 man hunted the buffalo on the prairie and the elk in the forest, the virgin 

 soil was intact, nature reigned undisturbed. When the white man came 

 with his plow, lie introduced voluntary or involuntary many foreign 

 plants, which by and by spread and supplanted indigenous plants on the 

 cultivated land. 



It would promote phytogeography, when for each local flora that im- 

 migration could be historically verified and transmitted to posterity. In 

 regard to our flora an attempt shall herewith be made as far as possible*. 



The species which immigrated partly from EuroJDe, partly from trop- 

 ical countries, are either fully naturalized and form an integral part of our 

 present flora, or they are adventives, i. ^., new comers, mostly escaped from 

 cultivated land or gardens, that may afterwards become naturalized, after 

 a more or less prolific propagation, or become extinct again, when the 

 chances are less favorable. 



Perfectly naturalized and common around Peoria in the year 1852 

 were; Sisymbrium officinale Scop., Brassica nigra L., Capsella pursa pastoris 

 Moench, Portulaca oleracea L., Malva rotundifolia L., Sida spinosa L., 



