These species he enumerated in his Flora Lapponica 
(1737). 
In 1738, Linnaeus published his Classes Plantarum 
which summarizes the earlier classifications of the Vege- 
table Kingdom by his predecessors, Cesalpino, Morison, 
Ray, Knaut, Hermann, Boerhaave, Rivinus, Rupp, Lud- 
wig, Tournefort, Pontedera and Magnol, as well as his 
own artificial “sexual system’, wherein the genera now 
included in Orchidaceae form his class Gynandria order 
Diandria. He appended to this a ‘Fragmenta methodi 
naturalis’ which is an attempt at a more natural system 
of classification. Here again, as in his ‘systema sexuale’, 
the orchid genera, Orehis, Satyrium, Serapias, Hermi- 
nium, Neottia, Ophrys, Cypripedium and Epidendrum, 
form a group distinct from other plants, his Ordo IV. 
Much later, in his Genera Plantarum, 6th ed. (1764), 
he published a modified version under the heading 
‘Ordines naturales’; this is reprinted, with a discussion 
by Stearn, in the Ray Society facsimile of Iinnaeus, 
Species Plantarum, vol. 2, Appendix: 98-102 (1959). 
Here appears an Ordo VII Orchidaceae comprising the 
above genera. After his death, two former students, 
P. 1). Giseke and J.C. Fabricius, published a detailed 
account of lectures on the natural system delivered by 
Linnaeus at Uppsala in 1764 and 1771 entitled Caroli a 
Linne Praelectiones in) Ordines naturales Plantarum 
(1792). Here again the Orchideae from a distinct “Ordo™ 
(in modern terminology, family) of which Linnaeus 
stated the characters, the ecology and the cultivation, 
then so little understood that most tropical orchids died 
soon after their introduction. “Omnium difficillime in 
hortis plantantur, et introductae vix per aliquot annos 
perennant’, he said, ‘I seminibus satis in hortis non pro- 
veniunt: certe si possent seri, nullus hortulus amoeni- 
oribus floribus superbiret’. Their successful cultivation 
[ 74 J 
