ustulata, Orchis morio, Gymnadenia conopsea, Dactylo- 
rhiza sambucina, Dactylorhiza maculata and Dactylorhiza 
incarnata and caused Linnaeus to remark that, such 
plants having previously been unrecorded for Sweden, 
he had never expected when seeing them at Fontainbleau 
that he would ever see them again. These grew between 
Forjestaden and Bornholm. Listera cordata was found 
on June 15 (June 4, Old Style). Later (June 25, Old 
Style), he came across Orehis mascula in Lummeland 
parish north of Visby; he also found Herminium mon- 
orchis (July 5, Old Style), Mpipactis helleborine (July 25, 
Old Style) and Mpipactis atrorubens (July 8, Old Style). 
These Baltic orchids inspired Linnaeus to give special 
attention to all of the species then known. Many had 
been described by earlier authors under a diversity of 
names. Linnaeus reduced them to 41 species in a sur- 
vey entitled ‘Species orchidum et affinitum plantarum’ in 
Acta Soc. Regiae Sei. Upsal. 1744: 1-87 (1744) cited 
by Linnaeus as ‘Act. ups. 1740°. For each one he gave 
very detailed synonymy and a concise diagnosis. There 
are no generic descriptions here, as he had already pro- 
vided them in his Genera Plantarum, 2nd edition (1742). 
His genera were few: Orchis (including Dactylorhiza), 
Satyrium, Serapias, Herminium, Neottia, Ophrys, Cy- 
pripedium and I/pidendrum. 
In 1745 Linnaeus published the account of his Oland 
and Gotland journey, Oltindska och Gothlindshka Resa, 
already mentioned. An important feature of this inter- 
esting book is its index because it foreshadows Linnaeus’s 
later introduction of consistent binomial nomenclature 
for all species of plants and animals. In the text he used 
diagnostic polynomials such as Orchis bulbis indivisis, 
nectaru labio quinquefido punctis scabro, cornu obtuso, 
petalis conniventibus and Orehis bulbis palmatis, nectari 
cornu setaceo germinibus longiore, labio crenato, names 
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