Length. The length of intact cobs from Tonto aver- 
ages 8.3 cm. (0.5 cm. less than in cobs from Richards’ 
Caves). Teosinte introgression causes a general decrease 
in cob length. This relationship is best illustrated by a 
reciprocal regression curve, rather than by a straight line 
(Table VII and Fig. 6). 
Kernels. The 511 kernels recovered from ‘Tonto are 
largely of a yellow, flinty type; the remainder being 
floury. A few of both types have red or cherry-colored 
pericarps (in solid and variegated patterns). Forty-three 
flinty grains have their embryos and pericarps removed, 
perhaps in preparation for grinding. All kernels are 
mature, uniform, and too large for good popping (Table 
VIII). 
Unusual Specimens 
Cobs with unusual morphological characteristics were 
found in both collections. These distinguishing features 
include: long glumes; ‘‘Siamese’’ twinning (duplication 
of rachis followed by incomplete divergence); lateral fu- 
sion of cupules (15 laterally-fused cupules found in one 
spiral); solitary cupules terminal to the cob and free from 
adjoining rachis tissue; close similarity to maize-teosinte 
hybrids; unusual extremes in size, fasciation, ete. 
Prehistoric Tunicate Maize. One of the few archaeolo- 
gical specimens known to duplicate the extreme form of 
modern tunicate maize occurs among the long-glumed 
cobs (Plate X XIX). A similar specimen has previously 
been reported by Cutler (1944) from the Betatakin Pueb- 
lo Ruin near the San Juan River in Arizona. Our tuni- 
cate specimen, as well as five other long-glumed cobs 
from Richards’ Caves, are Tripsacoid (Table IX). The 
actual level of introgression in these cobs may be par- 
tially masked by the tunicate condition. Thus, their esti- 
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