aboriginal peoples of the area. Cliff dwellings had been 
constructed in many of these caves and rock shelters. 
Refuse deposits of great antiquity exist beneath some of 
the cliff dwellings and in other caves in which no habita- 
tions were built. The agricultural lands of these peoples 
were located in the wider sections of the canyon bottoms, 
the tributary arroyos, and on the adjacent slopes. Nu- 
merous rock retaining walls, thought to have been asso- 
ciated with agricultural practices, still stand along arroyos 
and steeply sloping areas of cultivable land. 
Swallow Cave. This cave, one of the four located in 
Cave Valley which contained maize, produced the best 
archaeological record and the most significant sequence 
of maize specimens of all the caves examined. Swallow 
Cave, like the others in Cave Valley, to be mentioned 
below, is situated about 100 feet above the canyon floor 
at the top of a steep brush- and tree-covered talus slope 
(Plate XX XVIII). The cave has a mouth approxi- 
mately 160 feet in width, and it extends into the cliff to 
a depth averaging 40 feet. The ceiling is very irregular, 
but its height is greater than 11 feet throughout most of 
the central portion. Many large blocks of stone, which 
had fallen from the ceiling or spalled from the walls, 
littered the floor. Dirt containing cultural material cov- 
ered the remainder of the surface. The poorly preserved 
remains of an adobe-walled structure were located adja- 
cent to a large rock at the northern end of the cave. 
Stratigraphic test trenches, from which dirt was re- 
moved in 6-inch levels and carefully sifted for archaeo- 
logical specimens, were dug in Swallow Cave, as well as 
the other sites to be discussed. In Swallow Cave, trenches 
2 and 3, dug adjoining one another in the southern por- 
tion of the cave, and an exploratory trench, placed next 
to the adobe structure mentioned above, produced maize 
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