2, Next in chronological order is the Mogollon cul- 
ture. It is found in all of the caves we investigated. 
However, it is difficult to assign our material to definite 
phases as has been done to the north in New Mexico and 
Arizona. The rarity of long cultural sequences in most 
of the caves plus the small series of archaeological speci- 
mens makes such assessments enuous. A distinction can 
be made, however, between the Mogollon culture which 
is situated stratigraphically lower than the cliff dwellings 
and that which is associated with such structures. 
The sub-surface remains in all caves except Swallow 
Cave, whose non-ceramic levels are discussed above, con- 
tain Mogollon culture remains extending to the rock 
floors of the caves. These deposits produced pottery, 
simple stone cutting and scraping implements, artifacts 
of bone, wood and fiber, and vegetal remains. In some 
caves there appear to be no habitations associated with 
these materials, but in others a few poorly preserved mud 
wall foundations and buried posts suggest houses. These 
structures, however, are not of the type referred to as 
cliff dwellings in this paper. They appear to be remains 
of earlier structures. The pottery is almost exclusively 
typical of that associated with Mogollon culture. The 
principal types include: Alma Plain, Alma Scored, Alma 
Incised, Neck Corrugated, and Incised Corrugated. 
Although some of these pottery types were common 
throughout Mogollon history, the presence of certain of 
them would indicate that the deposits are no earlier than 
late Mogollon 3, approximately 900 A.D. (Wheat, 1955). 
Red on brown pottery also is present. Such a pottery 
tradition agrees with Mogollon, but it is difficult to clas- 
sify our red on brown sherds as belonging to any previ- 
ously described type. 
3. The most recent remains in the caves, those occur- 
ring on the surfaces, were always associated with cliff 
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