dwellings. For the most part, such structures were well 
preserved and varied in size from a single room to fifteen- 
room establishments. Archaeological specimens from the 
surface, or from the first six inches below the surface 
(Level 1), continued to be of Mogollon culture. Objects 
of perishable materials such as cordage, matting, textiles, 
basketry, wooden artifacts, and vegetal remains were 
fairly prevalent. Stone artifacts and potsherds were more 
numerous from this horizon than from lower levels. In 
addition to the Mogollon wares found in the sub-surface 
deposits, late types such as Plain Corrugated, Smooth 
Corrugated, and Alma Punched also appeared. Presence 
of these wares suggests that the material should be as- 
signed to the Mogollon 4 period, approximately 1000 
A.D. (Wheat, 1955). 
A few potsherds of textured, black on red, and poly- 
chrome wares collected from the cave surfaces belong to 
types assignable to the Casas Grandes culture. It is be- 
lieved that these represent trade items, since they do not 
occur frequently enough to suggest local manufacture. 
The few Casas Grandes potsherds found in the caves be- 
long to wares attributed to the Medanos and Babicora 
phases, the earliest phases of Casas Grandes culture. 
Dates of 1000-1100 A.D. have been assigned to these 
(Sayles, 1986; Gladwin, in Sayles, 1936). 
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIZE 
Once again the botanist is indebted to the archaeolo- 
gist for furnishing, in the form of prehistoric specimens, 
highly significant evidence on the evolution of maize. 
The archaeological maize from these five caves in north- 
western Mexico is of extraordinary interest for five rea- 
sons: 1) The majority of the specimens are related to a 
primitive race of maize, Chapalote, which is still grown 
in Mexico; 2) The earliest archaeological maize appears 
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