set. It also resembles the Bat Cave corn in having promi- 
nent rachis flaps, cupules widely spaced on the rachis, 
and long rachillae. It differs from the Bat Cave corn in 
the surfaces of the cupules, which are quite hairy. Two 
fragments of cobs, one from the same level and another 
from an earlier level (14), resemble the intact specimens 
in their cupules and are therefore presumed to be speci- 
mens of the same race. 
This early maize from Swallow Cave also shows a re- 
semblance to the modern race, Chapalote, which occurs 
in the western part of Mexico, and which has been col- 
lected from the states of Sinaloa and Sonora (Wellhausen 
et al, 1952). The cob of the early Swallow Cave corn is 
much shorter than that of modern Chapalote (illustrated 
in Plate XLV), but it has the same shape, tapering at 
both ends; the same row number, twelve, and prominent 
rachis flaps. Of the living races of maize in Mexico to- 
day, Chapalote seems to be the only one which could 
be the modern counterpart of the earliest Swallow Cave 
corn and we are therefore designating the latter as ‘‘Pre- 
Chapalote.”’ 
Early Chapalote. The next recognizable element in the 
Swallow Cave cobs is clearly related to Chapalote. This 
type has the characteristic shape of Chapalote, tapering 
at both ends; it has approximately the same row num- 
ber, twelve; prominent glumes, perhaps representing a 
weak allele of tunicate, which Chapalote is known to 
possess (Mangelsdorf, 1953); and prominent rachis flaps. 
Cobs of this type, designated as ‘‘Early Chapalote’’ are 
found in several of the caves. Specimens from Swallow 
and Slab Caves are illustrated in Plate XL. 
Further evidence that Chapalote, or something very 
much like it, was once grown in this region is provided 
by the extensive collections of kernels from Dark Cave. 
[ 168 ] 
