kernels occur in the 86-48” level indicates that a muta- 
tion system similar to that studied by Brink was already 
in existence at an early date and the fact that the varie- 
gated kernels are larger than either the brown or red 
kernels suggests that the modulator system may have 
caused or been accompanied by other mutations involv- 
ing increases in size. 
Colorless Pericarp. The kernels with colorless pericarp 
are generally larger than those with colored pericarp and 
are predominantly floury. They may belong to the race, 
Blando de Sonora, described by Wellhausen et al., 1952. 
We have already suggested that certain cobs may belong 
to this race. 
Popped Kernels 
In addition to the 293 kernels classified with respect 
to color there were six popped or partially popped ker- 
nels in which the color could not be determined with 
certainty but which appeared to have brown pericarp. 
One of these is illustrated in Plate III, D. We were able 
by a simple experiment to demonstrate that the early 
Bat Cave kernels were capable of popping. ‘To increase 
their moisture content, we placed ten of the smaller 
brown kernels from the 86-48” level in a petri dish with 
a piece of moist paper towel for 48 hours. When dropped 
into hot oil all of these popped in varying degrees. One 
of these, a popped-prehistoric kernel, is illustrated in 
Plate III, D where it is compared with a prehistoric- 
popped kernel from the same level. 
PEDUNCLES 
Twenty-one specimens of peduncles or ‘‘shanks’’ were 
found in this collection. Those from the lower levels 
were usually more slender than those from the higher 
levels as is shown by the specimens illustrated in Plate 
[ 13 ] 
