including a photograph of them in Plate VII. The 
spikelets on most of the fragments are smaller and more 
delicate than those of the majority of modern varieties 
but in other respects are similar. 
CONCLUSIONS 
1. The earliest maize from the second (1950) Bat Cave 
expedition is more primitive than any of the specimens 
turned up in the first (1948) expedition. 
2. Maize from the lower levels of the cave is definitely 
a popcorn. There are several popped kernels among the 
prehistoric remains and other prehistoric kernels proved 
to be still capable of popping after having their moisture 
content raised. 
3. The earliest maize is probably a form of pod corn. 
At least it has relatively long soft glumes partly enclos- 
ing the kernels which are borne on long rachillae. These 
are characteristics of pod corn. 
4. The maize from the lowest levels has brown peri- 
carp color and is related to the Mexican race, Chapalote. 
Brown pericarp color is presumably the primitive or 
‘‘wild’’ color. Brown pericarp is less frequent than red 
and colorless pericarp combined in the upper levels of 
the cave. 
5. The occurrence of variegated pericarp in the 86-48” 
level] shows that a mutation system similar to that involv- 
ing the ‘‘modulator’’ factor was in existence at an early 
stage in corn’s domestication. 
6. Clear-cut evidence of the introgression of teosinte 
or T'ripsacum or both appears in the 86-48” level of the 
cave and there is some evidence of introgression in the 
earlier 48-60” level. 
[ 16 ] 
