contain simple perforations. Occasional vessel elements 
with three perforations were noted. Ligules may be 
present and are usually short or they may be absent from 
the ends of vessel elements. Intervascular pitting is al- 
ternate; inner apertures of pits are horizontally elongate 
and are enclosed by borders which may be elongate, 
rounded, or polygonal; adjacent inner apertures may be 
crossed or coincident. Vessel elements range in length 
from 2354—-9385p and average 564m in length, based on 
50 measurements. 
The relationship between vessel elements and axial 
and ray parenchyma cells presents a curious if not unique 
situation in this species. Both kinds of cells are intercon- 
nected with adjacent vessel elements through unilaterally 
compound pitting with very large simple pits in paren- 
chyma cells subtending two or more bordered pits in 
vessel elements. The large simple pits in the parenchyma 
cells are often traversed by branched or simple filiform 
processes of cell wall material. In addition to the uni- 
laterally compound pitting, half-bordered pits occur. 
Supplementing these more or less common kinds of pit- 
ting is the pitting in the coronated vessel elements. 
These vessel elements are normal in appearance in all 
respects except that upper and lower ends bear a com- 
plete or partial ring of large, fenestriform, obscurely 
bordered pits which give the impression of a crown or 
corona (Plate LXIII, fig. 2). These are associated with 
simple pits of similar size and form in adjacent ray and 
axial parenchyma cells (Plate LXIII, fig. 1). Pits of the 
corona may be square, rectangular, triangular, oval, el- 
liptical, or irregular. At times these pits occur on ligules 
as well. The uniqueness of this pitting resides in its posi- 
tion at upper and lower ends of vessel elements, its vessel 
element encircling tendency, and the large size of the 
pits. All combine to impart a crown-like appearance to 
the ends of vessel elements 
[ 249 ] 
