Chapalote, such as that from Bat Cave, has eight kernel 
rows. The race Reventador is very similar to evolved 
Chapalote except for having colorless instead of brown 
pericarp. Because no distinction between Reventador 
and Chapalote was possible in this archaeological ma- 
terial, the name of the older race, Chapalote, is used. 
The race of particular concern, Maiz de Ocho, was the 
third major element involved in the evolution of maize 
in the Southwest. Previously this race was thought to 
have arrived in New Mexico at about A. 1). 700, the date 
of its earliest remains at Tularosa Cave (Cutler, 1952). 
Apparently it appeared at about the same time 90 miles 
northward at Cebollita Cave (Plate 23 F of Galinat and 
Ruppé, 1961). The earlier dates of 18+138 B.C. for 
Maiz de Ocho 75 miles to the northeast at BR-45 and 
A.D. 370168 at Boca Negra Cave do not negate the 
overall evidence for a southern origin. The next oldest 
date for this race is A.D. 200-850 previously reported 
for a site in 'amaulipas, Mexico (Mangelsdorf et al., 
1967). The Tamaulipas material may be on a parallel 
pathway leading to the Davis Site in Texas which had 
this eight-rowed race at A.D. 800-1000 (Jones, 1949). 
The Maiz de Ocho ancestral to that from the Albuquer- 
que area of New Mexico more probably came directly 
through Chihuahua and Sonora, as indicated by four 
caves in these Mexican states yielding prehistoric re- 
mains of this race (Mangelsdorf and Lister, 1956). Appar- 
ently southern United States had multiple connections 
through the Sierra Madre Occidental of northern Mexico 
from some common source, perhaps on the west coast of 
southern Mexico. Maiz de Ocho is thought to have been 
derived originally from Colombia, South America (Gali- 
nat and Gunnerson, 1963). 
The kernels and cob of Maiz de Ocho are distinctive 
from those of Chapalote. They occur in only eight rows 
[ 321 ] 
