1970). This additive, which is apparently far more commonly 
utilized than Banisteriopsis Rusbyana, likewise has been found 
to contain N,N-dimethyltryptamine — the first indication of 
this typtamine in the Rubiaceae. 
Several writers — notably Spruce and Koch-Grunberg — 
mentioned more than one kind of caapi in the basin of the Rio 
Uaupés of Colombia and Brazil. In 1948, I witnessed the prepa- 
ration and experimented with a caapi prepared from a different 
malpighiaceous plant amongst the nomadic Maku Indians of 
the Rio Tikié, in northwesternmost Brazil. Specimens of the 
liana, from the bark of which a cold water infusion was made, 
represented an undescribed species of the genus Tetrapteris, 
closely allied to Banisteriopsis, which I described and named 
T. methystica (Schultes, 1954c). It is worth considering the 
possibility that this species is the second ‘kind’ of caapi 
mentioned by Spruce and Koch-Grtinberg, and it might be that 
the name caapi-pinima (‘‘painted caapi’’) reported by both of 
these investigators alludes not to coloured leaves but to the 
unusual yellowish hue of the drink in contrast to the normal 
dark brown colour of the hallucinogen prepared from the 
species of Banisteriopsis. 
Much field and laboratory research must be carried out 
before a complete understanding of the ayahuasca-caapi-yaje 
complex is available. It is disconcerting that the rapidity of 
acculturation throughout the Amazon Valley may soon bring 
about the loss of much of the knowledge of plant uses amongst 
the Indians. It will then be too late to retrieve extremely valu- 
able information. 
Species indicated in the foregoing discussion: 
Bonisteriopsis Caapi (Spr. ex. Griseb.) Morton in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21 
(1931) 485. 
Banisteriopsis Cabrerana Cuatrecasas in Webbia 23, pt. 1 (1958) 493. 
Banisteriopsis inebrians Morton in Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci. 21 (1931) 485. 
Banisteriopsis Martiniana (Juss.) Cuatrecasas var. laevis Cuatrecasas in 
Webbia 13 (1958) 502. 
Banisteriopsis quitensis Niedenzu in Lect. Lyc. Brunsberg (1900-01): 10 
(1900) Malpigh. 427. 
Banisteriopsis Rusbyana (Ndz.) Morton in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21 (1931) 
487. 
Muascagnia glandulifera Cuatrecasas in Webbia 13 (1958) 365. 
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