92. 
93. 
94. 
95. 
(Reproduced also as fig 3 in Borhegyi, Entry 85.) Figures 22 and 23, as well as plates 
XL and XII, are also illustrated by Wasson and Wasson, Entry 1, Vol II, as figs 18, 19, 
and plates XLII, and XLIV respectively. 
Kiwprer, A. V., witn J. D. Jennincs AND E. M. SHook. “Excavations at 
Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala.” Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publ 561, 
Washington, D. C., 1946. See pp 104, 142, figs 42, 58c, 160a-h. 
This is the first publication reporting (pp 104 and 142) the discovery of mushroom 
stones in a scientifically controlled excavation. It describes and illustrates (fig 160a-h) 
ten mushroom-shaped stone objects from Guatemala and Mexico. Six of the speci- 
mens are plain or effigy mushroom stones (Type C), while three belong to the 
tripod (Type D) variety. Five have been reproduced in Borhegyi’s chart as nos 
32, 28, 38, 19, 18. The Type C effigy mushroom stones represent seated human 
figures, birds, and pisotes. Kidder briefly but concisely discusses their known distri- 
bution (p 142) in the Highlands and Pacific Slopes of Guatemala and Mexico, and 
that of similar pottery-mushrooms in El Salvador. He is non-committal as to their 
use, but refutes previous suggestions that they represent phalli or were used as seats. 
Of the specimens illustrated in the publication, five (fig 160f,h,e,g and fig 42) are in 
the collections of the Guatemala National Museum (Cat nos 2368 a; 2368 b; 4631, 
1903, 2715), and two (fig 1604, b) in the Regional Museum, at Tuxtla Gutiérrez, in 
Mexico; the whereabouts of the remainder are unknown. 
Kipper, Atrrep (Editor). The Art of the Ancient Maya. New York: 
Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1959. See figs 3, 4- 
Illustrates two effigy mushroom stones with square bases from the Guatemalan 
National Museum collection, found in the vicinity of Kaminaljuyu in the Guatemalan 
Highlands. One represents a seated human figure, the other an anthropomorphic 
squatting toad. Both are of the Type C variety (without cricularly grooved caps), 
and are also reproduced in Borhegyi’s chart as nos 17, 31. As to their use, Kidder 
mentions that they may represent the sacred hallucinogenic mushroom used to 
induce trances in some mushroom-rituals in modern Mexico. Both specimens are 
in the Guatemalan National Museum (Cat nos 2220 and 2209). The toad-shaped 
mushroom stone (fig 4, Cat no 2209) from Cerro Alux is also illustrated as fig 18 in 
Wasson and Wasson, Entry 1, and as fig 22 in Heim and Wasson, Entry 2. 
LoncyEAR, JOHN M. “Archcological investigations in El Salvador.” Mem 
Peabody Mus, Vol IX, No 2, Cambridge, 1944. See pottery ‘mushrooms,’ 
pl [X-no 26; stone ‘mushrooms,’ pl XII-no 16. 
Illustrates a pottery mushroom (Type E) and a plain stone mushroom (Type C) 
from El Salvador (Plate IX, no 26, and Plate XII, no 16). They are reproduced in 
Borhegyi’s chart as nos 48 and 37. Longyear has no comments as to their function 
or distribution. The specimens are in the private collection of Colonel Montalbo, in 
El Salvador. 
Loturop, SAMUEL KirKtanp. “Atitlin: An Archeological Study of Ancient 
Remains on the Border of Lake Atitl4n, Guatemala.’ Carnegie Institution 
of Washington, Publ 444, Washington, D. C., 1933. See p 29, figs ob, I 1a-c. 
lustrates two pottery mushrooms (Type E) from El Salvador (fig 11 b,c) which are 
also reproduced in Borhegyi’s chart, nos 46, 47. Also illustrates (based on Villacorta 
[ 44] 
